Question | Answer |
maturation | depending heavily on biological issues
( puberty, walking, talking ) |
learning | the result of the persons interactions with the environment
( studying, test taking ) |
Domains | physical
cognitive
personality
socioculture |
physical domain | shape
size
motor skills |
cognitive domain | perceiving
reasoning
thinking
problem solving |
Personality domain | personality traits
sense of self |
socioculture domain | socialization
enculturation |
enculturation | occurs as welearn about our culture more or less on our own by observing and absorbing rather than being taught |
theory of natural selection | centers around a concept often reffered to as " survival of the fittest" |
Freuds theory | children learn moral concepts
( the idea that little girls view themselves as castraded males and therfore experience "penis envy" |
Freuds phsycosexual stages | Oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital |
oral stage | birth to 18 months |
anal stage | 18 months to 3 years |
latency stage | 6 years to 12 yearss |
genital stage | 12 years and up |
erik eriksons theory | personlity development derives from freuds theory instead of focusing on unconscious process his views emphasize conscious forces |
classical conditioning | major way in which human development and behavior are influenced by environmental events |
B.F Skinners research | describes how rewards and punishments influence our actions
he discovered that we tend to repeat good actions and discontinue bad ones |
Phallic stage | 3 years to 6 years |
Bandura's research | a view that emphasizes the influence of the social behavior of others on our learning
recognized that children and adults observe their own behaviorr |
Case study | one of the earliest methods used to study human development |
Correlation coefficient | numerical value that describes the variables relationship to one another |
Positive Correlation | relationship where one variable increases and the other increases as well |
Negative correlation | relationship where as one variable increases the other one decreases |
informed consent | a clear statement of the purpose, preocedures, risks, and benefits as well as the obligations and commitments of both the participants |
what do genes do?? | build proteinss |
what are 2 ways cells can divide?? | mitosis meiosis |
mitosis | cells replicating |
meiosis | humans reproduce |
which chromosome pair determines the sex of your child?? | X and Y |
sex linked disorder | occurs when gametes dont repliccate correctly ( color blind ) |
autosomal disorder | can result from defective genes or form extra or missing chromosomes ( down syndrome ) |
hemophiliac | blood clotss |
genetic counseling | resource that can helo potential parents evaluate genetic risk factors in childbearing. |
concordance | ?? |
heritability | trait that is inherited from genetic factors |
habituation | learning to stop attending to a stimulous or change in the environment |
which race higher risk for sickle cell anemia? | arican americans |
phobia | unreasonable fears |
shaping | reinforcing succesive approximations to a desired behavior |
ethnocentrism | tendency to believe that your cultures,beliefs are true and others are false |
normative age graded influence | biological and social changes that are predictable |
normativve history graded influence | historical events that affect large groups f peole |
non normative influences | indiviual environmental factors that d not occur at any predictable time |
nuclear family | regular family |
% of unintended pregnancies | 50% |
3 periods of pregnancy | germinal embryonic fetal |
germianl period | conception to 2 weeks |
embryonic period | 2 weeks to 9 weeks |
fetal period | 12 weeks to birth |
gross to specific trend | fetus initially reacts to tounch |
maternal age | down syndrome |
how many pounds should a woman gain while pregnant? | 25 - 35 |
critical period | period at ehich the child is at greatest risk for different abnormalities |
teratogen | diseases, chemicals for air polutation or water contamination |
thalidomide | used to realive nausea |
how much alcohol should be consumed?? | NONE |
braxton hicks contractions | false labor |
crowning | baby's head becomes visible |
episiotomy | incision made to enlarge the vaginal opening |
ultrasound | harmless high frequency sound waves |
neonate | a baby in the first month |
lanugo | hair that covers genitals that eventually fall off |