Question | Answer |
Levels of Organization | chemicals, cells, tissue, organ, organs system,
Body as a whole |
structures associated with integumentary system | hair, nails, sweat gland and oil glands |
what are the 10 body systems? | skeletal, muscle, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular,lymphatic,respiratory,digestive,urinary, reproductive |
purpose of integumentary system? | protect,support and movement |
purpose of skeletal system? | framework of body,shape, movement, protect organs,produce blood cells |
skeletal system 2 types of bones? | APPENDICULAR(126)... arms, legs, pectorial girdle, pelvic girdle
AXIAL(80)...skull,rib cage, vertebral column |
Bone Structure is made of? | Tissue |
Classifications of bone | shape, flat, irregular |
examples of flat bones? | ribs, skull |
examples of irregular bones | vertebral column, pelvic girdle |
2 types of bone marrow? | red and yellow |
where is red marrow found? | end of long bones, center of other bones, |
functions of red marrow? | store calcium, produce new blood cells |
where is yellow marrow found? | interior of long bones |
what does yellow marrow consist of? | mainly lip/o (fat) |
Function of muscular system? | assist with movement, support of structure |
types of muscle? | smooth, cardiac, skeletal |
what organs are made of smooth muscle? | stomach, rectum, colon |
layers of muscle? | endomysium, perimysium, epimysium tendon |
tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
endomysium | deepest layer |
perimysium | encases endomysium |
epimysium | inner most layer |
are smooth and cardiac muscle movements voluntary or involuntary? | Involuntary |
skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary |
what makes the nervous system? | brain, spinal cord, nerves |
special sensory organs? | ears, eyes, tastebuds, organs of smell |
cerebrospinal fluid (csf) | fluid protecting the nerves |
cerebrum | largest part of brain, divided in left and right |
diencephalon | area between lobes of cerebrum and brain stem |
brain stem | connects cerebrum and diencephalon |
cerebellum | smallest section, located behind cerebrum |
Types of neurons? | afferent, efferent, interneurons |
afferent neurons | receivers |
efferent neurons | carry msgs to muscles and glands |
interneurons | relays clear meessage w/in the CNS |
structure of neuron | dendrite, cell body(nucleus), axon |
dendrite | fingerlike, sends msg to nucleus |
cell body(nucleus) | gathers and processes info |
axon | delivers messages |
endocrine system | produces hormones to regulate body activity, growth,food utilization and reproduction |
endocrine glands | thyroid, pituitary, adrenal |
types of hormones? | amino acids, steroids |
negative feedback | controls hormones, hormones released to stop a function |
positive feedback | caused by stimuli to release hormone to promote more |
homeostasis | body in balance, "staying the same" |
pituitary gland | regulates other glands. master gland |
lymphatic system | aids in absorbtion of digested fats |
cardiovascular system | carries waste materials away from tissue to points where they can be eliminated |
lymphatic organs | tonsils, thymus, and spleen |
respiratory system | to take in air and conduct it to areas designated for gas exchange |
digestive system | teeth, mouth, tongue, esphogus, stomach, large and small intestines, colon, rectum |
urinary system | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra |
GH | growth hormone |
TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
PRL | prolactin -milk production |
FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone -stimulates adrenal gland |
layers of the eye | sclera, chorid, retina |
sclera | outer layer, white of eye, protects eye |
chorid | middle layer, iris, regulates amt of light entering eye |
retina | inner layer, made of rods/cones, |
rods | light sensitive |
cones | function in bright light |
sections of ear | external, middle, inner |
pinna | directs soundwaves into the ear |
tympanic membrane | eardrum,vibrates as sound enters the ear |
3 types of bones in ear | malleous, incus stapes |
cochlea | receptors for hearing |
dorsal cavity contains | cranial cavity, spinal cavity |
ventral cavity | thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, diaphragm |
elevation | movement of the shoulder upward |
depression | movement of the shoulder down |
protraction | forward neck movement |
retraction | backward neck movement |
eversion | foot movement outward |
inversion | foot movement inward |
adduction | leg movement inward |
abduction | leg movement outward |
dorsiflexion | foot movement up |
plantar flexion | foot movement down |
extension | arm straight forward |
hyperextension | hand upward |
flexion | hand downward, lower leg bent backward |
extension | lower leg straight |
circumduction | arm circles |
rotation | wrist circles |
supination | palm out |
pronation | palm in |
steroids | fat hormone |
amino acid | proteins |
cranial | nearer to head |
caudal | nearer to sacral region |
medial | nearer to imaginary plane(midline) |
lateral | farther from midline |
proximal | nearer to origin(joint) of a structure |
distal | farther from the point of origin of structure |
catabolism | breaking down of nutrients to yield energy |
anabolism | repair of tissue |
urinary system | rids body of waste and excess water |
reproductive system | production of offspring |
endocardium | innermost layer of heart wall |
myocardium | middle of heart wall |
epicardium | outermost layer of heart wall |
right atrium location | upper right chamber |
right ventricle location | lower right chamber |
left atrium | upper left chamber |
left ventricle | lower left chamber |
phases of respiraion | pulmonary ventilation, external exchange, internal exchange |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |