Question | Answer |
cheeks | are lined with buccal mucosa |
hard & soft palates | separate the mouth from the nasal cavity |
uvula | closes off the nasal passage during swallowing |
tongue (most versatile muscle in the body) | is for talk, taste, & swallowing (roughness comes from papillae, which sense sweet, sour, salt, & bitter) |
temporary teeth | are called deciduous |
types of teeth are | incisors, canines, bicuspids, & molars |
incisors & canines (cuspids) | located toward the front of the mouth |
bicuspids (premolors) & molars | located toward the back of the mouth |
the crown | is located above the gums |
the root | below the gums |
teeth consist (from inside out) | pulp, enamel, dentin, & cementum |
front teeth | tear food |
back teeth | masticate it |
swallowing | is deglutition |
the food (bolus) | passes through the pharynx to the esophagus |
bolus moves | down the esophagus by peristalsis & into the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter |
food enter | the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter & leaves through the pyloric sphincter |
the bolus | is mixed with gastric juices to form chyme |
rugae | the folds of the stomach, walls |
regions of stomach are | cardia, fundus, body, & antrum |
curves of stomach are | lesser & greater |
small intestine is | 1 inch in diameter & 21 feet long |
3 regions of small intestine are | duodenum, jejunum, & ileum |
small intestine nutrients are absorbed | by villa, which protrude from the plicae circulares (inner surface area is greatly increased by folds) |
waste leaves | the ileoecal valve |
large intestine is | 5 feet long & 2.4 inches in diameter |
large intestine absorbs | water, vitamin K, and some B vitamins & eliminates waste |
region of the large intestine are | cecum, the colon, & rectum |
the rectum of large intestine includes | anal canal, anus, & external & internal sphincters |
salivary glands (located outside the mouth & drain saliva into the oral cavity via slivary ducts) are the | parotid, submandibular, & sublingual |
liver | produce bile; breakdown carbohydrates, fats, & proteins; stores sugar, vitamins A,D,E,&K, iron & copper; detoxifies harmful substances; & synthesizes blood-clotting factors prothrobim & fibringen |
gallbladder | stores bile |
biliary system consists of | the gallbladder, hepatic ducts, cystic ducts, & common bile ducts |
pancreas | secretes pancreatic juice, which runs through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum |
pancreas also | secretes insulin & glucagon, which regulate blood sugar |
chol/e | bile; gall |
hiat/o | gape; opening |
intestin/o | intestine |
umbilic/o | navel |
-clysis | washing; irrigation |
-flux | flow |
-lytic | pertaining to destruction, separation, or breakdown |
-tresia | opening |
-tripsy | crushing |
re- | back |
retro- | backward; back |
an/o | anus |
-al | pertaining to |
rect/o | rectum |
anorectal | pertaining to the anus & rectum |
peri- | around |
perianal | pertaining to aroun the anus |
append/o; appendic/o | appendix |
appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
bil/i | bile |
biliary | pertaining to bile |
bucc/o | cheek |
mucosa | mucous membrane |
buccal mucosa | pertaining to the mucous membrane of the cheek |
cec/o | cecum |
-pexy | surgical fixation |
cecopexy | surgical fixation of the cecum |
cheil/o | lipa |
cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lips |
cheilorrhaphy | suturing of the lips |
rrhaphy | suture (to sew) |
cheilosis | abnormal condition of the lips characterized by deep cracklike sores |
cholangi/o | bile duct; bile vessel |
cholangiogram | record of the bile ducts |
cholangiopancreatography | process of recording the bile ducts & pancreas |
cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
cholecystectomy | excision of the gallbladder |
cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
choledoch/o | common bile duct (CBD) |
choledochotomy | incision into the common bile duct |
col/o; colon/o | colon |
colitis | inflammation of the colon |
colocolostomy | creation of a new opening between two segments of the colon; anastomosis b/w two segments of the colon |
anastomosis | surgical joining of two structures that are normally separate |
colostomy | creation of a new opening b/w the colon and the abdominal wall |
dent/o; odont/o | tooth |
e- | without |
edentulous | without teeth; having had teeth but lost them |
dental caries | tooth decay |
caries | decay; cavities |
endodontist | dentist who specialized in the diagnosis & treatment of diseases within the tooth such as pulp |
orthodontist | dentist who specialized in the correction of deformed or maloccluded teeth |
ortho- | straight |
periodontist | specialist in diseases of tissue around the tooth such as the gums & cementum |
periodontium | structures around the tooth are collectively |
duoden/o | duodenum |
duodenal | pertaining to the duodenum |
enter/o | small intestine; intestine |
gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach & intestines |
gastroenterology | study of the stomach & intestines including diseases & treatment |