Question | Answer |
integumentary system | skin & accessory organs |
hair, nails & glands are the skin | accessory organs |
integument means | covering |
sweat glands | glands under the skin that produce sweat |
sebum | oily secretion made by sebaceous glands |
sweat | watery secretion that carries heat out of the skin |
first function of the skin is | protection |
second function of the skin is to | produce important secretions |
third function of the skin is | sensation receptors for pain, pressure, temp & touch |
fourth function of the skin is | thermoregulation |
thermoregulation | maintaining body temp |
nerve fibers coordinate thermoregulation by | carrying messages to skin from heat centers in brain sensitive to changes in body temp |
blood vessels in skin dilate in order to | bring blood to the surface to reduce body heat |
epidermis | outermost, thin, totally cellular layer of stratified squamous epithelium; contain keratin |
dermis | dense, fibrous, connective tissue layer; contains collagen; middle layer of skin |
squamous epithelium | flat, scale-like cells composing epidermis |
albino | person with skin deficient in melanin |
apocrine sweat gland | one of largest dermal exocrine glands located in axilla & genital areas |
secertes sweat that acts with bacteria causing | body odor |
basal layer | deepest region of epidermis, giving rise to all epidermial cells |
collagen | structural protein found in skin & connective tissue |
cuticle | band of epidermis at base & sides of nail plate |
eccrine sweat gland | most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in body |
epithelium | layer of skin cells forming outer & inner surface of body |
hair follicle | sac within which each hair grows |
keratin | hard protein material found in epidermis, hair & nails |
means horny, & commonly found in horns of animals | keratin |
lipocyte | a fat cell |
luluna | half-moon=shaped, whitish area at base of nail |
melanin | major skin pigment; formed by melanocytes in epidermis |
paronychium | soft tissue surrounding nail border |
pore | tiny opening on surface of skin |
sebaceous gland | oil-secreting gland in dermis associated with hair follicles |
stratified | arranged in layers |
stratum | layer of cells |
plural for stratum | strata |
stratum corneum | outermost layer of epidermis, consisting of flattened, keratinized cells |
subcutaneous layer | innermost layer of skin; contains fat tissue |
skin is a | multilayered organ |
avascular layer of the skin is | the epidermis |
spongy, porous layer of the skin with a rich blood supply & wealth of fat producing cells | subcutaneous |
stratum corneum or squamous epithelium | most superficial layer |
epidermis cells are continually being shed and replaced by new cells generated at the deepest level of the epidermis | the basal layer or stratum germinativum |
when new cells migrate towards the stratum corneum they | shrink, flatten & die |
when stratum corneum cells shrink, flatten & die their cytoplasma is | replaced by keratin |
keratin cells are eventually | sloughed off of the skin's surface |
the barrier area of the skin | stratum corneum; prevents excessive loss of water, salts, and heat from the body |
the membrane of cells at the skin's surface becomes thick and chemically resistant during what process | keratinization |
melanocytes | special cells distributed throughout basal layer of epidermis; contain melanin |
melanin | black pigment |
the amount of melanin in the skin determines | skin color |
melanin fiters | ultraviolet light |
dermis is also known as | corium |
accounts for most of the skin's mass | corium |
papillary layer | one of two layers of dermis; superficial layer of the dermis raised into papillae that fit into corresponding depressions on the inner surface of the epidermis |
contains ridges which form fingerprints & foot prints | papillary layer |
reticular layer | deeper layer of the dermis formed of a dense network of fibrous tissue |
along with collagen, elastic fingers are found within | the reticular layer |
most of the fibers of the dermis are made up of | collagen |
collagen | protein that gives skin its strength |
collagen & elestic fibers give skin the ability to | be flexible; stretch & rebound |
this allows us to sense pain, pressure, touch, and temperature | receptor endings of nerves within the dermis |
dermis also contains | blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, muscle fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous & sweat glands |
in the dermis this plays a critical role in the regulation of body temperature | blood vessels |
subcutaneous tissue anchors dermis & epidermis | to underlying muscle & bones |
nerves & blood vessels that supply the skin run through | the subcutaneous layer |
subcutaneous layer | composed of loose connective tissue filled with lipocytes |
production & storage of fat in subcutaneous layer creates | a cushion for skin, as well as insulation against excessive heat loss |
the hair is | an outgrowth from skin of flexible, keratinized fibers |
hairs covers the surface of the body except | on hands, soles of feet, & external reproductive organs |
hair is formed at | the junction of dermis & epidermis |
the function of hair is to | provide protection to delicate body structures |
each hair consists of | a root & hair follicle |
hair is formed from cells at the | base of follicale that push upward |
hair shaft | visible portion of hair; network of horny cells |
hair color is determined by | melanocytes at the root of hair follicle |
texture & color of nails can | give clues to patient's health |
nails | hard flat plates of keratin covering fingers & toes, protecting from injury |
visble portion of the nail is called | nail body |
the pink color of the nail body is from | highly vascular nail bed underneath |
nail root is found at | cuticle |
cuticle | fold of skin at the base of each nail |
lunula | mark site of nail growth |
soft tissue that surrounds the nail border is called | paronychium |
sebum is able to help protect against infections because it is | acidic |
sebaceous glands of the skin are most numerous on | the scalp, face, back & upper chest |
sebaceous glands are found in | the dermal layer of the skin |
there are two types of sweat glands | eccrine & apocrine |
eccrine glands | tiny, coiled structures located in dermis |
ducts open directly onto the surface of skin as pores | eccrine glands |
apocrine glands | larger excretory organs deeply embedded in dermal layer |
located under arms & near genitals | apocrine glands |
persperation | watery secretion produced by sweat glands to help regulate body temp |
pores | ducts of sweat glands emerging on skin's surface |
keratinzed cells | horny cells |
poison ivy is | a contact dermatitis |