Question | Answer |
Any body part attached to a main structure | appendage |
Place of union between two or more bones; also called joint | articulation |
Spongy or porous structure, as found at the ends of long bones | cancellous |
Ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles | cruciate ligaments |
Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow | hematopoiesis |
ankyl/o | stiffness; bent, crooked |
arthr/o | joint |
kyph/o | humpback |
lamin/o | lamina (part of vertebral arch) |
lord/o | curve, swayback |
myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
orth/o | straight |
oste/o | bone |
ped/o | foot; child |
ped/i | foot; child |
scoli/o | crooked, bent |
thorac/o | chest |
acromi/o | acromion (projection of scapula) |
brachi/o | arm |
calcane/o | calcanium (heel bone) |
carp/o | carpus (wrist) |
cephal/o | head |
cervic/o | neck; cervix uteri (neck of cervix) |
clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone) |
cost/o | ribs |
crani/o | cranium (skull) |
dactyl/o | fingers; toes |
femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
fibul/o | fibula (smaller bone of lower leg) |
humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone) |
ili/o | ilium (later, flaring portion of hip bone) |
ischi/o | ischium (lower portion of hip bone) |
lumb/o | loins (lower back ) |
metacarp/o | metacarpus (hand bones) |
metatars/o | metatarsus (foot bones) |
patell/o | patella (kneecap) |
pelv/i | pelvis |
pelv/o | pelvis |
phalang/o | phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes) |
pod/o | foot |
pub/o | pelvis bone (anterior part of pelvic bone) |
radi/o | radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side) |
spondyl/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
vertebr/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
tibi/o | tibia (larger bone of lower leg) |
leiomy/o | smooth muscle (visceral) |
muscul/o | muscle |
my/o | muscle |
rhabd/o | rod-shaped (striated) |
rhabdomy/o | rod-shaped (striated muscle) |
chondr/o | cartilage |
fasci/o | band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles) |
fibr/o | fiber, fibrous tissue |
synov/o | synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
ten/o | tendon |
tend/o | tendon |
tendin/o | tendon |
-asthenia | weakness; debility |
-blast | embryonic cell |
-clasia | to break; surgical fracture |
-clast | to break |
-desis | binding, fixation (of bone or joint) |
-malacia | softening of the bone |
-physis | growth |
-porosis | porous |
-scopy | visual examination |
a- | without, not |
dys- | bad; painful; difficult |
sub- | under, below |
supra- | above; excessive; superior |
syn- | union, together, joined |
Stiffening and immobility of a joint | ankylosis |
Compression of median nerve within the carpal tunnel | carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) |
Lameness, limping | claudication |
Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint | contracture |
Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing tohether, indicating a fracture or joint destruction | crepitation |
Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction | electromyography |
Increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms | exacerbation |
Tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist | ganglion cyst |
Effusion of blood into a joint cavity | hemarthrosis |
Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching | hypotonis |
Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow | multiple myeloma |
Bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord | osteophyte |
Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists | phantom limb |
Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity | prosthesis |
Form of osteomalacia in children caused by Vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis | rickets |
Frayment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue | sequestrum |
Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it | spondylolisthesis |
Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues | spondylosis |
Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate or complete | sprain |
To exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular | strain |
Partial or incomplete dislocation | subluxation |
Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot | talipes equinovarus |
Radiograph of joint cavity (contrast material) | arthrography |
Radiographic procedure to measure bone mineral density | bone density tests |
Imaging technique to make a series of cross-sectional images of a body part | computed tomography |
Radiological examination of intervertebral disk (contrast medium) | discography |
Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral and oblique views of the lower spine | lumbosacral spinal radiography |
Radiography of the spinal cord (contrast medium) | myelography |
Nuclear medicine procedure of various tissues and organs (radionuclide) | scintigraphy |
Scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone | bone scintigraphy |
Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position | reduction |
Manipulation - not surgery | closed reduction |
Using surgery | open reduction |
Application of a solid, stiff dressing to immobilize while healing | casting |
Application of an orthopedic device for immobilization, stabilization, and protection | splinting |
Weights and pulleys to align or immobilize and facilitate healing process | traction |
Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease | amputation |
Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid | arthrocentesis |
Surgical breaking of ankylosed joint to provide movement | arthroclasia |
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures | arthroscopy |
Implanting or transplanting bone tissue | bone grafting |
Excision of bursa | bursectomy |
Excision of posterior arch of vertebra | laminectomy |
Repeated surgery to correct a previous surgery | revision surgery |
Repeated surgery to correct bone infection, misalignment of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of bone around the prosthesis | bone revision surgery |
Excision of sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) | sequestrectomy |
Excision of a synovial membrane | synovectomy |
Treat and prevent hypocalcemia | calcium supplements |
Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system | gold salts |
Decrease pain and suppress inflammation | NSAIDs |
Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation | salicylates |
Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness | skeletal muscle relaxants |
ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
AK | above the knee |
BE | barium enema; below elbow |
BK | below the knee |
C1, C2... | 1st cervical vertebra, 2nd... |
Ca | calcium, cancer |
CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
CT | computed tomography |
DEXA, DXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
DJD | degenerative joint disease |
EMG | electromyography |
Fx | fracture |
MG | Myosthenia Gravis (muscular weakness) |
HD | hip disarticulation |
HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk) |
HP | hemipelvectomy |
IM | intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis |
IV | intravenous |
L1, L2... | 1st lumbar vertebra, 2nd.... |
LS | lumbosacral spine |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
MS | musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mitral stenosis,;mental status |
NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
ORTH, ortho | orthopedics |
PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium |
RF | rheumatoid factor; radio frequency |
ROM | range of motion |
THR | total hip replacement |
TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
TKR | total knee replacement |
TRAM | transverse rectus abdominis muscle |