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P Mylin Study Stack
Musculoskeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Any body part attached to a main structure | appendage |
| Place of union between two or more bones; also called joint | articulation |
| Spongy or porous structure, as found at the ends of long bones | cancellous |
| Ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles | cruciate ligaments |
| Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow | hematopoiesis |
| ankyl/o | stiffness; bent, crooked |
| arthr/o | joint |
| kyph/o | humpback |
| lamin/o | lamina (part of vertebral arch) |
| lord/o | curve, swayback |
| myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| ped/o | foot; child |
| ped/i | foot; child |
| scoli/o | crooked, bent |
| thorac/o | chest |
| acromi/o | acromion (projection of scapula) |
| brachi/o | arm |
| calcane/o | calcanium (heel bone) |
| carp/o | carpus (wrist) |
| cephal/o | head |
| cervic/o | neck; cervix uteri (neck of cervix) |
| clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone) |
| cost/o | ribs |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| dactyl/o | fingers; toes |
| femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
| fibul/o | fibula (smaller bone of lower leg) |
| humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone) |
| ili/o | ilium (later, flaring portion of hip bone) |
| ischi/o | ischium (lower portion of hip bone) |
| lumb/o | loins (lower back ) |
| metacarp/o | metacarpus (hand bones) |
| metatars/o | metatarsus (foot bones) |
| patell/o | patella (kneecap) |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| pelv/o | pelvis |
| phalang/o | phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes) |
| pod/o | foot |
| pub/o | pelvis bone (anterior part of pelvic bone) |
| radi/o | radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side) |
| spondyl/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
| vertebr/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
| stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
| tibi/o | tibia (larger bone of lower leg) |
| leiomy/o | smooth muscle (visceral) |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| rhabd/o | rod-shaped (striated) |
| rhabdomy/o | rod-shaped (striated muscle) |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| fasci/o | band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles) |
| fibr/o | fiber, fibrous tissue |
| synov/o | synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| -asthenia | weakness; debility |
| -blast | embryonic cell |
| -clasia | to break; surgical fracture |
| -clast | to break |
| -desis | binding, fixation (of bone or joint) |
| -malacia | softening of the bone |
| -physis | growth |
| -porosis | porous |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| a- | without, not |
| dys- | bad; painful; difficult |
| sub- | under, below |
| supra- | above; excessive; superior |
| syn- | union, together, joined |
| Stiffening and immobility of a joint | ankylosis |
| Compression of median nerve within the carpal tunnel | carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) |
| Lameness, limping | claudication |
| Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint | contracture |
| Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing tohether, indicating a fracture or joint destruction | crepitation |
| Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction | electromyography |
| Increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms | exacerbation |
| Tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist | ganglion cyst |
| Effusion of blood into a joint cavity | hemarthrosis |
| Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching | hypotonis |
| Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow | multiple myeloma |
| Bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord | osteophyte |
| Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists | phantom limb |
| Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity | prosthesis |
| Form of osteomalacia in children caused by Vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis | rickets |
| Frayment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue | sequestrum |
| Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it | spondylolisthesis |
| Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues | spondylosis |
| Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate or complete | sprain |
| To exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular | strain |
| Partial or incomplete dislocation | subluxation |
| Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot | talipes equinovarus |
| Radiograph of joint cavity (contrast material) | arthrography |
| Radiographic procedure to measure bone mineral density | bone density tests |
| Imaging technique to make a series of cross-sectional images of a body part | computed tomography |
| Radiological examination of intervertebral disk (contrast medium) | discography |
| Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral and oblique views of the lower spine | lumbosacral spinal radiography |
| Radiography of the spinal cord (contrast medium) | myelography |
| Nuclear medicine procedure of various tissues and organs (radionuclide) | scintigraphy |
| Scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone | bone scintigraphy |
| Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position | reduction |
| Manipulation - not surgery | closed reduction |
| Using surgery | open reduction |
| Application of a solid, stiff dressing to immobilize while healing | casting |
| Application of an orthopedic device for immobilization, stabilization, and protection | splinting |
| Weights and pulleys to align or immobilize and facilitate healing process | traction |
| Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease | amputation |
| Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid | arthrocentesis |
| Surgical breaking of ankylosed joint to provide movement | arthroclasia |
| Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures | arthroscopy |
| Implanting or transplanting bone tissue | bone grafting |
| Excision of bursa | bursectomy |
| Excision of posterior arch of vertebra | laminectomy |
| Repeated surgery to correct a previous surgery | revision surgery |
| Repeated surgery to correct bone infection, misalignment of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of bone around the prosthesis | bone revision surgery |
| Excision of sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) | sequestrectomy |
| Excision of a synovial membrane | synovectomy |
| Treat and prevent hypocalcemia | calcium supplements |
| Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system | gold salts |
| Decrease pain and suppress inflammation | NSAIDs |
| Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation | salicylates |
| Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness | skeletal muscle relaxants |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| AK | above the knee |
| BE | barium enema; below elbow |
| BK | below the knee |
| C1, C2... | 1st cervical vertebra, 2nd... |
| Ca | calcium, cancer |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DEXA, DXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Fx | fracture |
| MG | Myosthenia Gravis (muscular weakness) |
| HD | hip disarticulation |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk) |
| HP | hemipelvectomy |
| IM | intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis |
| IV | intravenous |
| L1, L2... | 1st lumbar vertebra, 2nd.... |
| LS | lumbosacral spine |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS | musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mitral stenosis,;mental status |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| ORTH, ortho | orthopedics |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium |
| RF | rheumatoid factor; radio frequency |
| ROM | range of motion |
| THR | total hip replacement |
| TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
| TKR | total knee replacement |
| TRAM | transverse rectus abdominis muscle |
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