A | B |
laurate | 12:0 fatty acid |
myristate | 14:0 fatty acid |
stearate | 18:0 fatty acid |
arachidate | 20:0 fatty acid |
oleate | 18:1 ω9 fatty acid |
Linoleate | 18:2 ω6 fatty acid |
Linolenate | 18:3 ω3 fatty acid |
general steps of beta-oxidation | oxidation, hydration, oxidation, thiolysis |
energy requirement for activation of CoA ester | -2 ATP |
acetoacetate | ketone body |
B-hydroxybutyrate | ketone body |
acetone | ketone body |
B-hydroxy-B-methylglutaryl-CoA | precursor for ketone body formation |
arachidonic acid | 20:4 n-6 |
chylomicron apoproteins | A-1, B-48, C-II, E |
LDL apoproteins | B-100, |
VLDL apoproteins | B-100, C-II, E |
IDL apoproteins | B-100 |
HDL apoproteins | A-1, C-II, E |
energy production per step of B-oxidation | 1 NADH
1 FADH2
1 Acetyl CoA |
palmitate | 16:0 Fatty acid |
C10 unit in cholesterol production | geranyl pyrophosphate |
C15 unit in cholesterol production | farnesyl pyrophosphate |
C30 unit of cholesterol production | squalene |
Sandhoff's disease | Hexosaminidase A & B deficiency |
Krabbe's disease | Galactosyl ceramide B-galactosyl hydrolase |
Tay-Sachs disease | Hexosaminidase A deficiency |
Fabry's disease | a-Galactosidase deficiency |
Gaucher's disease | B-Glucosidase deficiency |
Niemann-Pick disease | Sphingomyelinase deficiency |
Eicosanoids | leukotrienes and lipoxins
prostaglandins
thromboxanes
prostacyclins |
leukotrienes | Formed from arachidonate through the enzyme lipoxygenase
LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, LTA4 |
prostaglandins | PGI2, PGE2, PGF2a |
cyclooxygenase | Enzyme responsible for forming prostanoids.
Inhibited by Aspirin, Acetominaphen, Ibuprofen, Celebrex |
Thromboxanes | TXA2
Promotes platelet aggregation
Produced mostly by platelets
Decreases cAMP production |
metachromatic leukodystrophy | sulfatase |
LTB4 | Leukotriene
Increased leukocyte chemotaxis
Release of lysosomal enzymes
Aggregation of white blood cells
Bronchoconstriction |
PGI2 | Prostaglandin
Vasodilation
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Produced primarily by vessel endothelium |
TXA2 | type of Thromboxane
Promotes plately aggregation
Produced mostly by platelets
Decreases cAMP production |
lipoxygenase | enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes |
prostanoids | Formed from arachidonate through the enzyme cyclooxygenases.
Further classified into prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins |