Question | Answer |
bones provide | protection & support, make movement possible, produce blood cells, & store & realease calcium & phosphorus |
osteoblasts | create bone |
osteocytes | mature bone cells (have limited life span) |
osteoclasts (remodeling) | constanly breaking them down & reabsorbing the remaining material |
ossification/osteogenesis | process of bone formation |
axial skeleton | cranial bones, facial bones, vertebral column, thoracic cage, & hyoid bone |
appendicular skeleton | pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, & arms & legs |
pectoral girdle | connects the arms to the thoracic cage) |
pelvic girdle | connects the legs to the axial skeleton |
CRANIAL BONES (skull) | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, & ethmoid bone |
FACIAL BONES are | nasal bones, zygomatic bones, vomer, maxilla, mandible, nasal conchae (or turbinates), & lacrimal bones |
mandible | lower jaw |
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | mandible unites w/temporal bone of the skull to form the only movable bone of the skull |
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (vertebrae) | illustrates the spine which consists of 33 bones |
cervical vetebrae (C1-C7) | below the skull consists 7 vetebrae |
thoracic (dorsal) vetebrae (T1-T12/D1-D12) | below cervical next to chest area which consists 12 vetebrae |
lumbar vetebrae (L1-L5) | below thoraric which is near lower back which consists 5 vetebrae |
sacrum (SAY-krum) (S1-S5) | below the lumbar which consists of 5 fused bones |
coccyx (KOCK-sicks) | tailbone below sacrum which consists of 4 fused bones |
intervertebral discs (made of cartilage) | b/w the vertebrae are little round shock absorbes (absorb much of the shock of movement & jumping) |
annulus fibrosus (AN-you-lus figh-BROH-sus) | tough outer layer |
nucleus pulposus (NEW-klee-us pul-POH-sus) | soft, gel-like inner portion |
slipped or herniated disc | common & painful condition when some of the gel material pushes the ourter layer out of its normal posistion, nerves are pinched |
THORACIC CAGE (chest, torso) | consists of sternum (breastbone), 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilage, & thoracic vertebrae |
frontal bone | forehead |
temporal bones | temples |
zygoma | cheek |
maxilla | upper jaw |
appendicular skeleton | pectoral & pelvic girdle, upper & lower extremity |
PECTORAL GIRDLE | clavicles & scapulae |
clavicles (KLAV-ih-kulz) | collarbones |
scapulae (SKAP-you-lee) | shoulder blades |
PELVIC GIRDLE | consists of 2 coxal bones, joined anteriorly at the symphysis pubis & posteriorly at the sacrum |
coxal (KOCKS-al) | 2 hips |
ea hip contains 3 segments that become fused | ilium (ILL-ee-um), ischium (ISS-kee-um), & pubis (PEW-bis) |
acetabulum (as-eh-TAB-you-lum) | hip socket (allows the head of the femur to fit into it, forming the hip joint) |
symphysis (SIM-fih-sis) pubis | right & left hip bones form a circle by joining with each other anteriorly |
sacroiliac (say-kroh-ILL-ee-ack) | right & left hip bones form by joining each other posteriorly |
UPPER EXTREMITY (arm and hand) | consists of the humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, & phalanges |
humerus | upper arm |
ulna & radius | forearm (lower arm) |
olecranon (oh-LEK-rah-non) process | elbow |
carpal (have 8 bones arranged in 2 rows) | wrist |
metacarpals | hand bones (number I - IV) |
phalanges (fah-LAN-jeez) | fingers & toes |
interphalangeal joints (IP joints) | finger bones that are connected |
LOWER EXTREMITY (leg & foot) | femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, malleolus, metatarsals, phalanges, & calcaneus |
femur (FEE-mur) | thighbone |
patella (pah-TEL-ah) | knee |
tibia (TIB-ee-ah) | shin |
fibula (FIB-you-lah) | is the lateral bone of the lower leg |
metatarsals (met-ah-TAHR-salz) | foot bones |
calcaneus | heel |
joint | union b/w two bones |
joint structures consist of | articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, & joint capsule |
radiocarpal | joint b/w the radius & the wrist |
iliofemoral | joint b/w the ilium & the femur |
kyph/o | humpback |
lord/o | swayback |
ped/o | child |
scoli/o | curved |
tempor/o | temporal bone |
-porosis | porous |
-oma | tumor; mass |
myeloma (my-el-LOH-mah) | benign tumor of the bone marrow |
oste/o | bone |
osteomyelitis (oss-tee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis) | inflammation of bone & bone marrow |
osteitis (os-tee-EYE-tis) | inflammatin of the bone |
chondr/o | cartilage |
osteochondritis (os-tee-oh-kon-DRYE-tis) | inflammation of bone & cartilage |
-cyte | cell |
osteocyte (OS-tee-oh-sight) | mature bone cell |
osteoma (os-tee-OH-mah) | benign tumor of bone |
-tome | instrument used to cut |
osteotome (OS-tee-oh-tohm) | instrument used to cut bone |
-tomy | process of cutting; incision |
osteotomy (oss-tee-OT-oh-mee) | process of cutting bone |
-um | structure |
endo- | within |
endosteum (en-DOS-tee-um) | inner lining of the shaft (long slender portion) of a long bone such as the tibia or ulna |
peri- | around |
osse/o; oste/o | bone |
periosteum (per-ee-OS-te-um) | the structure around the shaft of a long bone |
AXIAL SKELETON | (blank) |
1&2.) skull & facial bones | (blank) |
-al | pertaining to |
faci/o | face |
craniofacial | pertaining to the skull & face |
-plasty | surgical repair or reconstruction |
cranioplasty | surgical repair of the skull |
-tomy | incision |
craniotomy | incision nto the skull |
mandibul/o | mandible; lower jaw |
-ar | pertaining to |
mandibular | pertaining to the lower jaw |
tempor/o | temporal bone |
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | pertaining to the joint b/w the temporal |
maxill/o | maxilla; upper jaw |
maxillary | pertaining to the upper jaw |
3.) Thoracic Cage | sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, & thoracic vertebrae |
chondr/o | cartilage |
plasia- | development; formation |
a- | no; not; inadequate |
achondroplasia (ah-koh-droh-PLAY-zee-ah) | inadequate cartilage formation, resulting in a type of dwarfism |
-cyte | cell |
-oma | tumor; mass |
chondroma | benign tumor of cartilage |
cost/o | rib |
-al | pertaining to |
costochondral | pertaining to ribs & cartilage |
sub- | under |
subcostal | pertaining to under the ribs |
stern/o | sternum; breastbone |
costosternal | pertaining to the ribs & sternum |
4.) Vertebrae | include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, & coccygeal bones |