Question | Answer |
During static postural assessment, in which plane of movement does the personal trainer view the client's balanced resting posture between the anterior and posterior sides of the body? | Sagittal |
Which of the following responses correctly describes a phenomenon called "winged scapulae?" | A protrusion of the interior angle and vertebral (medial) border of the scapula. |
Which of the following observations would NOT be noted as a postural deviation? | The cheek bone is in line with the collar bone. |
Which of the following postural deviations could indicate that a client has an internally (medially) rotated humerus and/or scapular protraction? | Front view: Palms face backward. |
A client should be referred to his or her physician if which of the following is found during assessments? | Pain during the bend and lift screen. |
During the bend and lift screen, which observation could indicate that the client has tight planterflexors? | Heels rise off the floor. |
During the hurdle step screen, you observe a client exhibiting an anterior pelvic tilt and a forward torso lean as he steps forward. Which compensations MOST likely causes this? | Tight stance-leg hip flexors |
During the Thomas test, you observe that you client can lower her right thigh to about 10 degrees above the table with the knee flexed at about 90 degrees. Based on these observations, which of the following notes would you make? | Tightness in the right iliopsoas. |
The passive staight-leg (PSL) raise test assesses the length of which of the following muscle groups? | Hamstrings |
Which of the following observations during the passive straight-leg (PSL) raise represents normal length of the hamstrings? | Raised leg stops just short of 90 degrees of movement. |
When having a client do the external and internal rotation test, you see that he can rotate with forearms internally about 50 degrees toward the mat and externally to about 90 degrees so that the arms touch the mat. Based on this what notes would you make | Tight external rotators; good mobility for internal rotators. |
What is the purpose of stability and mobility training? | Restorative exercise to improve posture and movement compensations |
Scapular wining during the shoulder push stabilization screen would MOST likely be due to ___. | Scapulothoracic joint instability. |
Which of the following is a non-correctible factor related to postural deviations? | Structural deviations |
When designing an exercise program for a beginning exerciser, it is best to focus on enhancing muscular strength before shifting the focus to improving the client's posture. | False |
Barring structural differences in the skeletal system, a pronated ankle ________________. | Forces internal rotation of the tibia and slightly less internal rotation of the femur |
The coupling relationship between tight __________ and __________ is defined as the lower-cross syndrome. | Hip flexors; erector spinae |
Which of the 3 tests included in McGill's torso muscular endurance test battery is a timed test w/ a static,isometric contraction of the anterior muscles, stabilizing the spine until the individual shows fatigue and cant cont. hold the assumed position? | Trunk flexor endurance test |
An elevated shoulder may present with an overdeveloped or tight upper trapezius muscle. | True |
When performing a shoulder screen and observing the client from a posterior view, a trainer notices an outward protrusion of the vertebral borders, but not the inferior angles, of the scapulae. What deviation is most likely being observed? | Scapular protraction |
While performing the bend and lift screen on a new client you observe that the downward (eccentric) movement is initiated at the knees. What would you suspect is causing the compensation? | Quadriceps and hip flexor dominance |
During the hurdle step screen, you observe that the client exhibits an anterior pelvic tilt with a forward torso lean. What muscles should you suspect of being underactive or weak? | Rectus abdominis and hip extensors |
During the Thomas Test, you observe that when the client holds the back and sacrum flat, the back of the lowered thigh touches the table, but the knee does not flex to 80 degrees. What muscle(s) should you suspect of being tight? | Rectus femoris |
In your notes regarding a client doing the external and internal shoulder rotation test you moted that the client showed potential tightness in the infraspinatus and teres minor. What might you have observed during the test that led to that conclusion? | Client displayed inability to internally rotate the forearm 70 degrees toward the mat |
Which of the following is NOT a reason to stop a client while he or she is performing the sharpened Romberg test? | The client exceeds 30 seconds with good postural control |
A male client performs the stork-stand balance test and is able to hold the position for 46 seconds. How would you rate this client's performance? | Good |
Apley's scratch test is usually performed in conjunction with which of the following pairs of tests? | Shoulder flexion-extension test and internal-external rotation test of the humerus |
Which of the following postural deviations MOST LIKELY indicates that a client has medially (internally) rotated shoulders? | Anterior view: backs of hands are visible |