Question | Answer |
osteoporsis | literally means porous bones; that is, bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density |
osteomalacia | is a diease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calicum and phosphorus |
osteomyelitis | is a local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood |
ewing's sacroma | is a maligant tumor of the bones common to young adults; particulary adolescent biys |
osteogenic sacroma | is a maligant tumor arising from bone, |
ostechondroma | is the most common benign bone tumor |
paget's diease | a nonmetabolic diease of the bone, characterized by excessive bone destruction(breakdown of bone tissue by the osteoclasts) and unorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts |
spinal stenosis | is a narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve oot canals. or intervertebral foramini(openings) of the lumbar spinal canal |
talipes equinavares | clubfoot; the infant's foot is fixed in plantar flexion(turned downward) and deviates medially(turned inward) and the heel is an elevated position |
abnormal curature of the spine | in this section we define three abnormal curvations of the spine |
kyphosis | is an abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback |
lordosis | is an abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as swayback |
scoliosis | is an abnormal lateral(sideward) curvature of a portion of the spine |
fracture | is a broken bonel a sudden breaking of a bone |
open reduction | a fracture consists if realigining the bone under direct observation during surgery |
internal fixation devices | more commonly used with fractures of the femir and fractures of joints |
closed fracture | known as a simple fracture; there is a break in a bone but no open wound in the skin |
open fracture | knwon as a compund fracture; there is abreak in a bone, as well as an open wound in the skin |
complete fracture | is a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone |
greenstick fracture | is an incomplete fracture |
compression fracture | is caused by bine surfaces being forced against each other, as in the compression of one vertebra against another |
impacted fracture | occurs when a direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone |
hairline fracture | also known as a stress fracture; is a minor fracture in which the bone contiunes to be in perfect alignment |
pathological fracture | occurs when a bone, which is weakend by a prexisting diease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break |
occult fracture | is a fracture that cannot be detected by x-ray until several weeks after the injury (a "hidden fracture") |
closed reduction | of a fracture consists of aliging the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction, without making an incision into the skin |
comminuted fracture | occurs when the force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the one |
colle's fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones |
bone scan | a bone scan involves the intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue |
bone marrow aspiration | a bone marrow aspiration is the process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of ecaming the specimen under a microscope |
anesthetized | numbered; the aspiration needle is inserted through the skin down to the periosteum |
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) | is a noninvasive procedure thay measures bone density |
DIP | distal interphalangeal (joint) |
DEXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
Fx | fracture |
PIP | proximal interphalangeal |
MTP | metatarsophalangeal |
MCP | metacarpophalangeal |
C1, C2, C3 | cervical vertebra 1,2,2 etc. |
L1, L2 L3 | lumbar vertebra 1,2,3 etc. |
S1 | sacrum |
T1, T1, T3 | thoracic vertebra 1,2,3 etc. |
THA | total hip arthroplasty |
THR | total hip placement |
TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
TKR | total knee replacment |
TMJ | temporomandibular joint |