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ch.6 medical terms
medical terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osteoporsis | literally means porous bones; that is, bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density |
| osteomalacia | is a diease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calicum and phosphorus |
| osteomyelitis | is a local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood |
| ewing's sacroma | is a maligant tumor of the bones common to young adults; particulary adolescent biys |
| osteogenic sacroma | is a maligant tumor arising from bone, |
| ostechondroma | is the most common benign bone tumor |
| paget's diease | a nonmetabolic diease of the bone, characterized by excessive bone destruction(breakdown of bone tissue by the osteoclasts) and unorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts |
| spinal stenosis | is a narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve oot canals. or intervertebral foramini(openings) of the lumbar spinal canal |
| talipes equinavares | clubfoot; the infant's foot is fixed in plantar flexion(turned downward) and deviates medially(turned inward) and the heel is an elevated position |
| abnormal curature of the spine | in this section we define three abnormal curvations of the spine |
| kyphosis | is an abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback |
| lordosis | is an abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as swayback |
| scoliosis | is an abnormal lateral(sideward) curvature of a portion of the spine |
| fracture | is a broken bonel a sudden breaking of a bone |
| open reduction | a fracture consists if realigining the bone under direct observation during surgery |
| internal fixation devices | more commonly used with fractures of the femir and fractures of joints |
| closed fracture | known as a simple fracture; there is a break in a bone but no open wound in the skin |
| open fracture | knwon as a compund fracture; there is abreak in a bone, as well as an open wound in the skin |
| complete fracture | is a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone |
| greenstick fracture | is an incomplete fracture |
| compression fracture | is caused by bine surfaces being forced against each other, as in the compression of one vertebra against another |
| impacted fracture | occurs when a direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone |
| hairline fracture | also known as a stress fracture; is a minor fracture in which the bone contiunes to be in perfect alignment |
| pathological fracture | occurs when a bone, which is weakend by a prexisting diease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break |
| occult fracture | is a fracture that cannot be detected by x-ray until several weeks after the injury (a "hidden fracture") |
| closed reduction | of a fracture consists of aliging the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction, without making an incision into the skin |
| comminuted fracture | occurs when the force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the one |
| colle's fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones |
| bone scan | a bone scan involves the intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue |
| bone marrow aspiration | a bone marrow aspiration is the process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of ecaming the specimen under a microscope |
| anesthetized | numbered; the aspiration needle is inserted through the skin down to the periosteum |
| dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) | is a noninvasive procedure thay measures bone density |
| DIP | distal interphalangeal (joint) |
| DEXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Fx | fracture |
| PIP | proximal interphalangeal |
| MTP | metatarsophalangeal |
| MCP | metacarpophalangeal |
| C1, C2, C3 | cervical vertebra 1,2,2 etc. |
| L1, L2 L3 | lumbar vertebra 1,2,3 etc. |
| S1 | sacrum |
| T1, T1, T3 | thoracic vertebra 1,2,3 etc. |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | total hip placement |
| TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
| TKR | total knee replacment |
| TMJ | temporomandibular joint |
Created by:
Courtneey
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