Question | Answer |
ENDOCRINOLOGY | STUDY OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM |
DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE I | AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER - HEREDITARY - INSULIN DEPENDENT - ONSET IN CHILDHOOD. SYMPTOMS INCLUDE POLYURIA, POLYDIPSIA, POLYPHAGIA, WEIGHTLOSS OR FATIGUE |
DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II | SLOW ONSET OF TYPE I, LATENT AUTOIMMUNE IN ADULTS. |
HEMOGLOBIN A1C | TEST THAT MEASURES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OVER THE PAST 3 MONTHS. |
HYPERGLYCEMIA | INCREASE LEVEL OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD (ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS) |
T3 & T4 | THYROID HORMONES T3 = TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND T4 = THYROXINE. HORMONES THAT HELP CONTROL THE RATE AT WHICH THE BODY USES ENERGY. ONLY CELLS IN THE BODY THAT CAN ABSORB IODINE |
CUSHINGS SYNDROME | HIGH LEVELS OF CORTISOL BREAK DOWN TOO MUCH GLYCOGEN CAUSING HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE. RAPID WEIGHT GAIN WITH FAT DEPOSITS IN FACE (MOON FACE), BUFFALO HUMP AND RED APPEARANCE OF FACE REQUIRES SURGERY OR REDUCED USE OF STEROIDS |
MELATONIN | HORMONE SECRETED BY THE PINEAL GLAND THAT MAINTAINS THE 24 HOUR WAKE SLEEP CYCLE |
PITUITARY GLAND | ANTERIOR - SECRETES 7 DIFFERENT HORMONES / POSTERIOR - SECRETES 2 DIFFERENT HORMONES |
ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES (7) | TSH, FSH, LH, PROLACTIN, ACTH, GH, MSH |
TSH | THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE CAUSES THYROID TO GROW |
FSH | FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE - STIMULATES OVARIES AND TESTES |
LH | LUETENIZING HORMONE STIMULATES RELEASE OF MATURE OVUM OR CELLS TO SECRETE TESTOSTERONE |
PROLACTIN | STIMULATES BREAST DEVELOPMENT AND MILK PRODUCTION |
ACTH | ADRENOCORICOTROPIL HORMONE - SECRETES HORMONES OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS (ALDOSTERONE, CORTISOL, ANDROGENS) |
GH | GROWTH HORMONE - STIMULATES GROWTH AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ALL CELLS |
MSH | MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE |
ADH (POSTERIOR PITUITARY) | ANTIDIURETIC DECREASES URINE OUTPUT. MOVES WATER BACK INTO THE BLOOD |
OXYTOCIN | STIMULATES UTERUS TO CONTRACT |
SYNERGISM | WHEN 2 HORMONES WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH ONE ANOTHER TO ACCOMPLISH AN ENHANCED EFFECT SYN/O- TOGETHER, ERG/0- ACTIVITY, -ISM = PROCESS |
ANTAGONISM | WHEN 2 HORMONES EXERT AN OPPOSITE EFFECT. ANTAGAN/O = OPPOSITE - ISM = PROCESS |
ACROMEGALY | HYPERSECRETION OF A GROWTH HORMONE DURING ADULTHOOD CAUSED BY AN ADENOMA IN THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. ACR/O- EXTREMITY OR HIGHEST POINT - MEGALY = ENLARGEMENT. CAUSES ENLARGED OR WIDENED FACIAL FEATURES, HANDS OR FEET |