Question | Answer |
Frequency = | Herz |
Force = | Newton |
Energy = | Joule |
Power = | Watt |
Charge = | Coulomb |
Potential = | Volt |
Capacitance = | Farad |
Magnetic flux = | Weber |
Mag. induction (Flux density) = | Tesla (Gauss) |
The flow of electric current is measured in? | Amperes |
What is the term used to denote the total opposition to flow of alternating current in a circuit? | Impedance |
The device by which alternating current is changed to direct current is known as a/an? | Rectifier |
What is the most common direct current (DC) electric power source? | Battery |
Electric battery current has a frequency of? | 0 Hz |
The elimination of vibrations at certain frequencies is accomplished through the use of electronic devices known as? | Flters |
When a DC defibrillator "charges" it stores electrical energy in its? | Capacitors |
In the USA, most electrical wall outlets provide? | 60 cycle AC current at 120 volts RMS |
The force which initiates the flow of electric current is termed? | Voltage |
What type of sensor is used in a thermodilution catheter to detect temperature changes? | Thermistor |
The Watt second (or Joule) is a unit of? | Energy |
What is the current drawn by a resistor of 100 ohms, if a 10 Volt battery is applied across it? | 0.1 amp |
What instrument converts one form of energy into another? | Transducer |
The hydrostatic pressure due to water at the bottom of a tank filled with water to a depth of 1 meter is? | 100 gm/cm2 |
What new unit of pressure equals 1/760th of the barometric pressure at sea level? | 1 Torr |
Ultrasound transducers are usually composed of a | Piezoelectric crystal |
A change in electrical charge on a crystal following mechanical stress is termed the? | Piezoelectric effect |
The period of the wave emitted from a 5 megahertz continuous wave ultrasound transducer is? | 0.2 Microseconds |
The period of an ultrasound wave is determined by the? | Source (Transducer) |
The speed of an ultrasound wave varies. Which tissues below would conduct sound with an increasing propogation speed? | Air, Soft Tissue, Bone |
List 3 things that usually improve with increasing ultrasound frequency. | Axial resolution, Lateral resolution, and Beam diameter |
As the frequency of ultrasound increases its________. | Resolution |
Calculate the wavelength of a 1.5 megahertz ultrasound wave. | 0.001 Meter |
The ability of a system to clearly distinguish between closely spaced targets is termed that system's _______. | Resolution |
Who's law is this? "The relative frequency of a reflected wave increases as the relative motion of the reflector approaches the observer" | Doppler's Law |
In Doppler Echocardiography, what is the usual target from which the ultrasound is reflected? | Red Blood Cells |
What best describes turbulent blood flow? | Complex non-Laminar fluid motion with vortex like eddies. |
On a computer, the Cathode Ray Tube (or LCD) is termed as? | The Monitor |
What is an example of a binary code? | 0011001 |
What would be an input device?
A: Monitor
B: Printer
C: Scanner
D: Speakers | Scanner |
What would be an output device?
A: Mouse
B: Printer
C: Scanner
D: Keyboard | Printer |
One kilobyte is? | 1,000 bytes or 8,000 bits |
Peri = | Around |
Endo = | Within |
Retro = | Behind |
Hyper = | Excessive |
Hypo = | Deficient |
Trans = | Across |
Vaso - | Canal for carrying fluid |
Phleb(o) - | De-Oxygenated Vessel |
Arterio - | Oxygenated blood vessel |
Ather(o) - | Fatty degradation |
Cholangi(o) - | Bile duct |
-emia | Blood condition (presence in blood) |
-poiesis | Formation |
-megaly | Enlargment |
-pathy | Disease condition |
-penia | Deficiency |
-itis | Inflammation |
-plasty | Surgical repair |
-ectomy | Surgical Removal or Incision |
-centesis | Surgical Tap |
-ostomy | Surgical opening between organs |
A patient with oliguria may be treated with a? | Foley Catheter |
Infiltration of fluids or blood around an arterial or IV access site is termed? | Extravasation |
The opening in a single use sterile femoral drape sheet is called ____. | Fenestration |
When caring for a patient with an IV, the IV bag should be? | Kept above the level of the infusion site |
and ambulatory patient is? | Able to walk |
Ventral | Anterior |
Dorsal | Posterior |
Cranial | Superior |
Caudal | Inferior |
Toward the midline | Medial |
Away from the midline | Lateral |
Closer to point of reference | Proximal |
Farther from point of reference | Distal |
A recommended position for a patient in acute pulmonary edema is? | Sitting up position to facilitate breathing and decrease venous return. |
A major safety guideline to a person transferring a pre-medicated patient from a bed onto a gurney is? | Get adequate assistance |
In general, when selecting an IV site in the arm at the beginning of a case. Start with the ______. | Most peripheral (Distal) site. |
Where should you start the IV when a radial artery catheterization is scheduled? | Contralateral arm |
When charting in the medical record, you should: | Avoid generalizations like "appears, seems, inadvertently" |
Prior to any cardiac invasive procedure the ultimate responsibility for obtaining informed consent lies with the? | Operating physician / Cardiologist |
To be legally valid, what is the LATEST that the patient should sign the informed consent form? | Before the administration of any medication that would impair the patient's reasoning ability. |
Informed Consent form: | Protects the Hospital and Physician |
Where is the PMI normally seen and felt? | LV apex |
Moist or crackling auscltatory sounds heard at the base of the lungs are? | Rales |
Murmurs on the Right heart side are affected by? | Respirations |
A palpable heart sound or murmur: | Thrill |
Sound heart over a blood vessel: | Bruit |
When a systolic murmur suddenly develops in a patient 12hrs after an MI you should suspect? | Papillary muscle dysfunction |
Loud 3rd or 4th heart sounds are termed: | Gallops |
Factors that commonly precipitate angina; | Smoking, Emotional stress, Eating a large meal |
List 5 signs of Cardiogenic shock; | Low urine output, Low BP, Weak rapid heart rate, Cold clammy skin, & cyanosis |
Amaurosis Fugax is a symptom that involves the patients? | Sight |
What are the sounds heard through the stethoscope when a blood pressure is taken? | Korotkoff sounds |
Destroys all microorganisms: | Sterilize |
Inhibits or stops growth of bacteria: | Bacteriostatic |
Kills bacteria: | Bactericidal |
Destroys most pathogens, on living tissue: | Antiseptic |
Destroys most pathogens on instruments, un-safe on living tissue: | Disinfect |
Destroys all pathogens: | Aseptic |
Medical Aseptic skin prep is directed at cleanliness and____. | Elimination of all infectious agents (pathogens) |
Cardiovascular personnel should use strict infection control and universal precautions when dealing with? | All patients |
The chief purpose of hospital infection control is to prevent? | Nosocomial infections |
In the cath lab which patient would be most susceptible to infection? | Heart transplant patients |
Bacteria that cannot live in the presence of air are? | Anaerobes |
The most complete, practical, efficient, and inexpensive method to sterilize metal instruments involves? | Steam heat |
Effective sterilization by autoclave depends on adequate? | Temperature and Time |
Sterilization of most plastic materials is best achieved with? | Ethylene oxide (gas) |
Most common vector for the spread of infection? | Failure to wash hands |
Single Cloth Wrapping; | Not sterile |
Double Cloth Wrapping; | 21-30 days |
Heat sealed plastic wrapping; | 6 months - 1 year |
Non-woven envelopes encased in sealed plastic wrapping; | Indefinitely |
Why would you elect to sterilize certain items with gas sterilization instead of steam? | It is less damaging to items |
The most positive assurance that a pack is sterile is by checking its? | Biological indicators |
A sterilized item dropped on the floor is considered sterile only if it has not been damaged and is? | Enclosed in impervious material (plastic) |
What is not an acceptable wrapper for gas sterilized items? | Nylon |
Which is the ONLY acceptable plastic wrapper for steam sterilized items? | Polypropylene |
When doing a surgical scrub, how high should you scrub, up your arm? | 2 inches above the elbow |