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Invasive Basics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frequency = | Herz |
| Force = | Newton |
| Energy = | Joule |
| Power = | Watt |
| Charge = | Coulomb |
| Potential = | Volt |
| Capacitance = | Farad |
| Magnetic flux = | Weber |
| Mag. induction (Flux density) = | Tesla (Gauss) |
| The flow of electric current is measured in? | Amperes |
| What is the term used to denote the total opposition to flow of alternating current in a circuit? | Impedance |
| The device by which alternating current is changed to direct current is known as a/an? | Rectifier |
| What is the most common direct current (DC) electric power source? | Battery |
| Electric battery current has a frequency of? | 0 Hz |
| The elimination of vibrations at certain frequencies is accomplished through the use of electronic devices known as? | Flters |
| When a DC defibrillator "charges" it stores electrical energy in its? | Capacitors |
| In the USA, most electrical wall outlets provide? | 60 cycle AC current at 120 volts RMS |
| The force which initiates the flow of electric current is termed? | Voltage |
| What type of sensor is used in a thermodilution catheter to detect temperature changes? | Thermistor |
| The Watt second (or Joule) is a unit of? | Energy |
| What is the current drawn by a resistor of 100 ohms, if a 10 Volt battery is applied across it? | 0.1 amp |
| What instrument converts one form of energy into another? | Transducer |
| The hydrostatic pressure due to water at the bottom of a tank filled with water to a depth of 1 meter is? | 100 gm/cm2 |
| What new unit of pressure equals 1/760th of the barometric pressure at sea level? | 1 Torr |
| Ultrasound transducers are usually composed of a | Piezoelectric crystal |
| A change in electrical charge on a crystal following mechanical stress is termed the? | Piezoelectric effect |
| The period of the wave emitted from a 5 megahertz continuous wave ultrasound transducer is? | 0.2 Microseconds |
| The period of an ultrasound wave is determined by the? | Source (Transducer) |
| The speed of an ultrasound wave varies. Which tissues below would conduct sound with an increasing propogation speed? | Air, Soft Tissue, Bone |
| List 3 things that usually improve with increasing ultrasound frequency. | Axial resolution, Lateral resolution, and Beam diameter |
| As the frequency of ultrasound increases its________. | Resolution |
| Calculate the wavelength of a 1.5 megahertz ultrasound wave. | 0.001 Meter |
| The ability of a system to clearly distinguish between closely spaced targets is termed that system's _______. | Resolution |
| Who's law is this? "The relative frequency of a reflected wave increases as the relative motion of the reflector approaches the observer" | Doppler's Law |
| In Doppler Echocardiography, what is the usual target from which the ultrasound is reflected? | Red Blood Cells |
| What best describes turbulent blood flow? | Complex non-Laminar fluid motion with vortex like eddies. |
| On a computer, the Cathode Ray Tube (or LCD) is termed as? | The Monitor |
| What is an example of a binary code? | 0011001 |
| What would be an input device? A: Monitor B: Printer C: Scanner D: Speakers | Scanner |
| What would be an output device? A: Mouse B: Printer C: Scanner D: Keyboard | Printer |
| One kilobyte is? | 1,000 bytes or 8,000 bits |
| Peri = | Around |
| Endo = | Within |
| Retro = | Behind |
| Hyper = | Excessive |
| Hypo = | Deficient |
| Trans = | Across |
| Vaso - | Canal for carrying fluid |
| Phleb(o) - | De-Oxygenated Vessel |
| Arterio - | Oxygenated blood vessel |
| Ather(o) - | Fatty degradation |
| Cholangi(o) - | Bile duct |
| -emia | Blood condition (presence in blood) |
| -poiesis | Formation |
| -megaly | Enlargment |
| -pathy | Disease condition |
| -penia | Deficiency |
| -itis | Inflammation |
| -plasty | Surgical repair |
| -ectomy | Surgical Removal or Incision |
| -centesis | Surgical Tap |
| -ostomy | Surgical opening between organs |
| A patient with oliguria may be treated with a? | Foley Catheter |
| Infiltration of fluids or blood around an arterial or IV access site is termed? | Extravasation |
| The opening in a single use sterile femoral drape sheet is called ____. | Fenestration |
| When caring for a patient with an IV, the IV bag should be? | Kept above the level of the infusion site |
| and ambulatory patient is? | Able to walk |
| Ventral | Anterior |
| Dorsal | Posterior |
| Cranial | Superior |
| Caudal | Inferior |
| Toward the midline | Medial |
| Away from the midline | Lateral |
| Closer to point of reference | Proximal |
| Farther from point of reference | Distal |
| A recommended position for a patient in acute pulmonary edema is? | Sitting up position to facilitate breathing and decrease venous return. |
| A major safety guideline to a person transferring a pre-medicated patient from a bed onto a gurney is? | Get adequate assistance |
| In general, when selecting an IV site in the arm at the beginning of a case. Start with the ______. | Most peripheral (Distal) site. |
| Where should you start the IV when a radial artery catheterization is scheduled? | Contralateral arm |
| When charting in the medical record, you should: | Avoid generalizations like "appears, seems, inadvertently" |
| Prior to any cardiac invasive procedure the ultimate responsibility for obtaining informed consent lies with the? | Operating physician / Cardiologist |
| To be legally valid, what is the LATEST that the patient should sign the informed consent form? | Before the administration of any medication that would impair the patient's reasoning ability. |
| Informed Consent form: | Protects the Hospital and Physician |
| Where is the PMI normally seen and felt? | LV apex |
| Moist or crackling auscltatory sounds heard at the base of the lungs are? | Rales |
| Murmurs on the Right heart side are affected by? | Respirations |
| A palpable heart sound or murmur: | Thrill |
| Sound heart over a blood vessel: | Bruit |
| When a systolic murmur suddenly develops in a patient 12hrs after an MI you should suspect? | Papillary muscle dysfunction |
| Loud 3rd or 4th heart sounds are termed: | Gallops |
| Factors that commonly precipitate angina; | Smoking, Emotional stress, Eating a large meal |
| List 5 signs of Cardiogenic shock; | Low urine output, Low BP, Weak rapid heart rate, Cold clammy skin, & cyanosis |
| Amaurosis Fugax is a symptom that involves the patients? | Sight |
| What are the sounds heard through the stethoscope when a blood pressure is taken? | Korotkoff sounds |
| Destroys all microorganisms: | Sterilize |
| Inhibits or stops growth of bacteria: | Bacteriostatic |
| Kills bacteria: | Bactericidal |
| Destroys most pathogens, on living tissue: | Antiseptic |
| Destroys most pathogens on instruments, un-safe on living tissue: | Disinfect |
| Destroys all pathogens: | Aseptic |
| Medical Aseptic skin prep is directed at cleanliness and____. | Elimination of all infectious agents (pathogens) |
| Cardiovascular personnel should use strict infection control and universal precautions when dealing with? | All patients |
| The chief purpose of hospital infection control is to prevent? | Nosocomial infections |
| In the cath lab which patient would be most susceptible to infection? | Heart transplant patients |
| Bacteria that cannot live in the presence of air are? | Anaerobes |
| The most complete, practical, efficient, and inexpensive method to sterilize metal instruments involves? | Steam heat |
| Effective sterilization by autoclave depends on adequate? | Temperature and Time |
| Sterilization of most plastic materials is best achieved with? | Ethylene oxide (gas) |
| Most common vector for the spread of infection? | Failure to wash hands |
| Single Cloth Wrapping; | Not sterile |
| Double Cloth Wrapping; | 21-30 days |
| Heat sealed plastic wrapping; | 6 months - 1 year |
| Non-woven envelopes encased in sealed plastic wrapping; | Indefinitely |
| Why would you elect to sterilize certain items with gas sterilization instead of steam? | It is less damaging to items |
| The most positive assurance that a pack is sterile is by checking its? | Biological indicators |
| A sterilized item dropped on the floor is considered sterile only if it has not been damaged and is? | Enclosed in impervious material (plastic) |
| What is not an acceptable wrapper for gas sterilized items? | Nylon |
| Which is the ONLY acceptable plastic wrapper for steam sterilized items? | Polypropylene |
| When doing a surgical scrub, how high should you scrub, up your arm? | 2 inches above the elbow |
Created by:
IdAhOmEyEr
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