Term | Definition |
anuria | Absence of urine production or urinary output |
azotemia | Retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) in the blood; also called uremia |
bladder neck obstruction
(BNO) | Blockage at base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra |
chronic renal failure | Renal failure that occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids with normal dietary intake |
dysuria | Painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a “burning sensation” while urinating |
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) | Condition in which kidney function is permanently lost |
enuresis | Involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence |
fistula | Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ
to another |
frequency | Voiding urine at frequent intervals |
hesitancy | Involuntary delay in initiating urination |
hydronephrosis | Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract |
nephrotic syndrome | Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin by way of urine due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane |
nocturia | Excessive or frequent urination after going to bed |
oliguria | Diminished capacity to form and pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of the end products of metabolism |
polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys |
urgency | Feeling of the need to void immediately |
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) | Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter |
Wilms tumor | Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children |