Anatomical Terms/Bone | Meaning |
appendicular skeleton | bones of shoulder, pelvis, & upper/lower extremities |
axial skeleton | bones of skull, vertebral column, chest and hyoid bone (u-shaped bone lying at base of tongue) |
bone | specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton |
compact bone | type of bone tissue; tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending |
spongy (cancellous) bone | type of bone tissue; mesh-like bone tissue containing morrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run |
long bones | bone classification; bones of arms and legs |
short bones | bone classification; bones of wrist and ankles |
flat bones | bone classification; bones of ribs, shoulder blads, pelvis, and skull |
irregular bones | bone classification; bones of vertebrae and face |
sesamoid bones | bone classification; round bones that are found near joints (e.g. patella) |
epiphysis | parts of long bone; wide ends of a long bone (physis = growth) |
diaphysis | parts of long bone; shaft of a long bone |
metaphysis | parts of long bone; growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone |
endosteum | parts of long bone; membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone |
medullary cavity | parts of long bone; cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow |
>> bone marrow | soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones |
>>red bone marrow | found in cavities of most bones in infants; functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets; in adults, red bone marrow is found most often in the flat bones |
>>yellow bone marrow | gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue, and is inactive in formation of blood cells |
periosteum | parts of long bone; a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone |
articular cartilage | parts of long bone; a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate |