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Ch 6 Bone
Anatomical Terms/Bone
| Anatomical Terms/Bone | Meaning |
|---|---|
| appendicular skeleton | bones of shoulder, pelvis, & upper/lower extremities |
| axial skeleton | bones of skull, vertebral column, chest and hyoid bone (u-shaped bone lying at base of tongue) |
| bone | specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton |
| compact bone | type of bone tissue; tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending |
| spongy (cancellous) bone | type of bone tissue; mesh-like bone tissue containing morrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run |
| long bones | bone classification; bones of arms and legs |
| short bones | bone classification; bones of wrist and ankles |
| flat bones | bone classification; bones of ribs, shoulder blads, pelvis, and skull |
| irregular bones | bone classification; bones of vertebrae and face |
| sesamoid bones | bone classification; round bones that are found near joints (e.g. patella) |
| epiphysis | parts of long bone; wide ends of a long bone (physis = growth) |
| diaphysis | parts of long bone; shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | parts of long bone; growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone |
| endosteum | parts of long bone; membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone |
| medullary cavity | parts of long bone; cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow |
| >> bone marrow | soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones |
| >>red bone marrow | found in cavities of most bones in infants; functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets; in adults, red bone marrow is found most often in the flat bones |
| >>yellow bone marrow | gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue, and is inactive in formation of blood cells |
| periosteum | parts of long bone; a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone |
| articular cartilage | parts of long bone; a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate |