Question | Answer | classification |
malaria | feed on Hb of erythrocytes; p. vivax attach to rbc via Duffy blood group antigen | protozoa |
f. falciparum | "malignant" form of malaria | protozoa |
f. falciparum | PfEMP1 - makes rbc stick together (microcirulation disturbed) | protozoa |
babesiosis | Ixodes sp. (hard tick); DD: lyme disease and/or erlichiosis, minority of pts will manifest mixed infections | protozoa |
leishmaniasis | usu called by L.mexicanan and L. donovani; TX southward | protozoa |
leishmaniasis | inflammatory papule which usu ulcerates, at the site of the bite (bagdad boil) followed by regional lymphadenopathy; parasite remains | protozoa |
visceral leishmaniasis | (Kala Azar - India and Brazil) caused by L. donovani | protozoa |
visceral leishmaniasis | Sx: papule at bite; asym., splenomegaly, anemia | protozoa |
visceral leishmaniasis | result in intrauterine transmission and congenital visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis | protozoa |
visceral leishmaniasis | disseminated can lead to multi-organ dysfxn and immune deficiency which predisposes to other infections | protozoa |
chagas disease | infects leukocytes initally and other cells of the body after dissemination via blood and lymphatics | protozoa |
chagas disease | infect myocardium; neurons of myenteric plexus -- esophagus, colon, ureters | protozoa |
chagas disease | acute - inflammatory papule, lymphadenopathy, hepatospl.; latent - may last a few yrs; symptomatic - minority of pts: heart, bowel, CNS | protozoa |
chagas disease | clinical manifestations often includes a combo of myocarditis, dilation of the esophagus, dilation of teh colon, and dilation of the ureter | protozoa |
strongyloidiasis | autoinfection can lead to disseminated hyperinfection w/ invasion of a number of internal organs | worm |
strongyloidiasis | in pt taking high doses of corticosteroids, chronic pneumonitis, incrased incidence of bac sepsis d/t bowel wall damage from invasive larvae | nematode |
strongyloidiasis | only helminth able to complete entire life cycle in human host which can lead to autoinfection | nematode |
cysticercosis | man ingests EGGS rather than encysted larva, becoming the intermediate (not definitive) host | cestode |
cysticercosis | eggs rise larvae which penetrate the bowel (CNS, eyes, skeletal muscle, subq) | cestode |
neurocysticercosis | high mortality rate and leads to the formation of multiple small cysts in the brain often exhibiting dystrophic clacification (seizures, hydrocephalus, chronic meningoencephalitis) | cestode |
echinococcus species | larvae disseminate to the lungs and liver where they form hydatid cysts in humans (liver - multilocular) | cestode |
ecinococcus species | larvae multiply in cysts which enlarge over yrs; can go to other organs | cestode |
schistosomiaiss | trematode infections can be classified based on the tissue invaded by adult flukes (blood, liver, lung, intestine) | trematode |
schistosomiaisis | "swimmer's itch" cercarial dermatitis | trematode |
schistosomiaisis | Katayama syndrome (fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatospl.) | trematode |
schistosomiasis | chronic form depends on tissue tropism of liver, intestinal, pelvic/urinary | trematode |
schistosomiaisis | blood fluke, S. haematobium = squamous cell carcinoma of bladder | trematode |
schistosomal dermatitis | non-path to humans as terminal hosts; enzymes for penetration cause intense inflammation and itching after abt 12 hrs | trematode |
lymphatic filariasis | intense granulomatous inflammatory response leading to lymphatic channel obstruction and lymphedema (elephantitis) | nematode |
acquired toxoplasmosis | injest meat, or ingest sporulated oocysts present in cat feces | protozoa |
acquired toxoplasmosis | in immune deficient pts, it can lead to necrotizing lesions in the CNS, heart, lungs, eyes | protozoa |
acquired toxoplasmosis | most common organ is CNS | protozoa |
congenital toxoplasmosis | first trimester = low; second trimester = transmission to fetus almost always occurs, but effects on fetus are minimal | protozoa |
congenital toxoplasmosis | toxoplasmosis triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcificaiton | protozoa |
entamoeba histolytica | bowel mucosa ulcerations; 1 in 20 cases complicated by intestinal perforation | protozoa |
entamoeba histolytica | amebic abscess in the liver; disseminated amebiasis is uncommon in immunocompetent, but does occur | protozoa |
entamoeba histolytica | amebic colitis w/ mucosal inflammation and ulceration | protozoa |
entaoeba histolytica | ameboma is tumor-like chronic inflammatory proliferation in the wall of the colon; systemic spread including lung, skin and liver | protozoa |
Giardiasis | acute and chronic gastritis and/or enterocolitis but does NOT cause dysentery | (blank) |
trichomonas | asym carriers; non-invasive infection in females (vaginitis) or males (urethritis); rarely causes cystitis in females or prostatitis in males | (blank) |
trichomonas | strawberry cervix sign is highly correlated w/ T. vaginalis infection | (blank) |
cryptosporidiasis | diarrhea; self-limited in immunocompetent; can lead to chronic diarrhea - malnutrition and dehydration via systemic dissemination | (blank) |
ascariasis | chronic malnutrition; worms consume 10% of food | (blank) |
ascariasis | intestinal obstruction due to heavy worm pop; infrequently causes bilary tract obstruction | (blank) |
enterobius vermicularis | perianal pruritis (usu nocturnal) | (blank) |
hookworms | serpiginous rash; cutaneous larva migrans | (blank) |
hookworms | pneumonic phase; intestinal phase (iron deficiency anemia) -- sequele | (blank) |
cutaneous larva migrans | self-limiting disease w/ cutaneous larvae dying and lesions resolving w/in 4-8wks | (blank) |
cutaneous larva migrans | secondary bac infection is common (s. aureus or s. pyogenes) | (blank) |
clonorchiasis | infects the bile passages; markedly increased incidence of suppurative cholangitis leading to acute biliary tract obstruction | flukeworm |
fascioliasis | markedly increased incidence of suppurative cholangitis leading to acute biliary tract obstruction | flukeworm |
fascioliasis | cliinal synopsis: spontaneous pneumothorax, chronic coughing, chronic dyspnea | flukeworm |
dermatobiasis | botfly lays eggs on stomach of mosquite or other blood sucking insect | (blank) |
dermatobiasis | eggs into human skin from bite; warble: larvae burrowed under skin | (blank) |
dermatobiasis | NOT systemic, just remove from skin | (blank) |
scabies | intense prutitis; linear erthematous lesions are often a/w inflammatory papules | (blank) |
scabies | burrowing females avoid hairy areas: wrist, sides of fingers/feet, penis | (blank) |