Term | Definition |
Hormones | Chemical messengers secreted by glands |
Target tissues | Tissues which interact with a given specific hormone |
Hyposecretion | Under secretion of a hormone by a gland |
Oxytocin | Hormones of the posterior pituitary which stimulates contractions of the uterus and lactation (get it out hormone) |
Gondatropic | Hormones which stimulates Gonad function hormone |
Thyroxine | T4, thyroid hormone which increases metabolic rate |
Triodothyronine | T3, another thyroid hormone which increases metabolic rate |
Calcitonin | Thyroid hormone which lowers blood calcium level |
Insulin | Hormones secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels |
Glucagon | Hormones secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas to increase blood glucose levels |
Epinephrine | Adrenaline |
Negative feedback | The self regulating control mechanism for hormones |
Diabetes insipidus | Condition where there is a hyposecretion of ADH (excessive urination) |
Giantism | Condition produced by hyperecretion of GH in childhood |
Acromegaly | Condition produced by hypersecretion of GH in adulthood; bones of the hands, feet, face increase in diameter |
Myxedema | Condition of hyperthyroidism in adulthood |
Cretinism | Condition of hypothyroidism in childhood which can produce mental and physical retardation |
Diabetes Mellitus | A group of disorders characterized by pancreatic disfunction (type 1, type 2) |
Hyperglycemia | High blood glucose levels |
Insulin shock | Condition of extremely low blood glucose levels due to an overdose of insulin |
Steroids | Fat soluble hormones which are small enough to pass though the cell membrane |
Glucocorticoid hormones | A group of steroid hormones which are secreted by the adrenal cortex and help to regulate blood glucose levels |
Addison's disease | Condition of hyposecretion of aldosterone and cortisol |
Thymus | Gland that aids in the immune system |
ACTH | Adrenocorticoptropic hormone |
Hormones of the anterior pituitary | ACTH (stimulates the cortex of the adrenal glands), FSH/LH female, FSH/ICSH male, Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin, TSH, MSH |
Hormones of the posterior pituitary | ADH, Oxytocin |
Thyroid hormones | T3,T4, Calcitonin |
Parathyroid hormones | PTH |
Thymus gland hormones | Thymosin (helps in development of WBC's) |
Pineal gland hormones | Melatonin |
Adrenal cortex hormones | Cortisol (affects glucose metabolism), Adosterone (regulates mineral electrolytes NA & K, Sex hormones (Testosterone, estrogens, progestins) |
Adrenal medulla hormones | Epinephrine (adrenaline), Norepinephrine (fight or flight hormones) |
Pancreatic hormones | Glucagon, insulin |
FSH | Follicle stimulating hormone. Stimulates development of eggs in the overies |
LH | Lutenizing hormone. Causes ovulation |
Prolactin | Stimulates the production of milk in the female |
ADH | Anti-Diuretic Hormone. Promotes reabsorption of water in kidneys |
Oxytocin | Causes contractions of the uterus and milk ejection from breasts |
Sex glands | Ovaries and testes, produce sex cells (eggs and sperm), produce hormones testosterone (male-deep voice and facial hair development), estrogen (female- breast and reproductive development), progesterone (female-assist in normal pregnancy) |