Question | Answer |
Gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell but contained within the cell membrane | Cytoplasm |
Molecure that holds genetic information and makes an exact copy of itself whenever the cell divides | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory, and clinical tests results, and radiolographic procedures | Diagnosis |
Instrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the insde of a hollow organ or cavity | Endoscope |
Study of the causes of disease | Etiology |
Instrument, consisting of an x-ray machine and flourescent screen, used to view the internal organs of the body | Fluroscope |
pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin | Idiopathic |
Chemical changes that that take place in a cell or an organism and produce energy and basic materials needed for all life process | Metabolism |
Prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery | prognosis |
Any objective evidence or manifestation of an illness or disordered function of the body | Sign |
Any change in the body or its functions as preceived by the patient | symptom |
Levels of organization | 1st: cell 2nd: tissue 3rd: organ 4th: systen 5th: organism |
study of the body at the cellular level | Cytology |
Body cells perform these types of activites | activites associated with life, including obtaining nourishment, eliminating waste and reproducing |
Cells are composed of... | cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
The nucelus is responsible for.... | metabolism, growth and reporduction |
The cell membrane... | acts as a barrier that encloses the entire cell |
Study of tissues.. | Histology |
Type of tissue that covers surfaces of organs; lines cavities and canals; forms tubes, and secreting protions of glands; makes up the epidermis of the skin. | Epithelial tissue |
Supports and connects other tissues and organs and is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood | Connective tissue |
provides the contractile tissue of the body which is responsible for movement | Muscle Tissue |
Transmits electrical impluses | Nervous tissue |
Organs are.. | Body structures composed of at least two or more tissue types that perform specialized functions |
Systems are... | composed of varying number of organs and accessory structures that have similar or interrelated functions |
An Organism is... | a complete living entity capable of independent existance. Consists of a number of systems. |
Anatomical Position | Facing foward feet parallel, arms to the side hands facinf foward with thumbs pointing up. |
Divides the body left and right | Midsagittal Plane |
Divides the bodys Anterior and Posterior | Coronal or Frontal plane |
Divides the bodys Superior and Inferior | Transverse of Horizontal plane |
Major organ of the Cranial Cavity | Brain |
major organ of the Spinal Cavity | Spinal cord |
The Dorsal Cavity contains... (types of cavities) | Cranial, Spinal |
The Ventral Cavity contains...(types of cavities) | Thoracic, Abdominopelvic |
Major organs of the Thoracic Cavity | Heart, Lungs, and associated structures |
Major organs of the Abdominopelvic Cavity | Digestive, excretory and reproductive organs and structures |
RUQ | Right Upper Quadrant |
LUQ | Left Upper Quadrant |
RLQ | Right Lower Quadrant |
LLQ | left Lower Quadrant |
The Spine is divided in to these sections.. | Cervical(neck), thoracic(chest), lumbar(loin), sacral(lower back), coccyx(tail bone) |
Movement away from the median plan of the body or one of its parts | ABduction |
Movement toward the median plane | ADduction |
Pertaining to the midline of the body structure | Medial |
pertaining to the side | lateral |
Toward the hear or upper portion of a structure | Superior |
Away from the head or towards the tail or lower part of a structure | Inferior (caudal) |
Nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body | Proximal |
Further form the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body | Distal |
Near the front of the body | Anterior (ventral) |
Near the back of the body | Posterior (dorsal) |
Pertaining to the outer layer of the outer wall of the body cavity | Parietal |
Pertaining to the inner layer of the outer wall of the body cavity (viscera) | Visceral |
Lying horizontal with the face downward, or indicating the hands with the palms turned downward | Prone |
Lying on the back face upward, or indicating the position of the hand or foot with the palm or foot facing upward | Supine |
Turning inward or inside out | Inversion |
Turning outward | Eversion |
Pertaining to the palm of the hand | Palmer |
Pertaining to the sole of the foot | plantar |
Towards the surface of the body | Superficial |
away from the surface of the body (internal) | Deep |
Cell | Cyt/o |
Tissue | hist/o |
nucleus | nucle/o, kary/o |
anterior, front (combining form0 | Anter/o |
tail | caud/o |
Cranium (skull) | crani/o |
far, farthest | dist/o |
back (of the body) | dors/o |
lower, below | infer/o |
side | later/o |
middle | medi/o |
back (of the body), behind, posterior | Poster/o |
near, nearest | proxim/o |
belly, belly side | ventr/o |
abdomen | abdomin/o |
neck, cervix uteri (neck of uterus) | cervic/o |
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone) | ili/o |
groin | inguin/o |
loins, lower back | lumb/o |
naval | umbilic/o |
Spine | Spin/o |
white | albin/o, leuk/o |
green | chlor/o |
color | chrom/o |
yellow | cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o |
Blue | cyan/o |
red | erythr/o |
black | melan/o |
gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord) | poli/o |
extremity | acr/o |
cause | eti/o |
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles) | fasci/o |
unknown, peculiar | idi/o |
form, shape, structure | morph/o |
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side | radi/o |
body | somat/o |
sound | son/o |
internal organs | viscer/o |
dry | xer/o |
Possible causes for disease | metabolic, infectious, congenital, hereditary, environmental, neoplastic |
Abnormal fibrous ban that holds normally separated tissues together, usually occurring with in the body cavity | Adhesion |
Substance being analyzed or tested, generally by means of a chemical | analyte |
In radiology, a "dye" introduced in to the body via catheter or swallowed to facilitate radiographic imaging of internal structures that are otherwise difficult to visualize on x-ray films | Contrast medium |
Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound | dehiscence |
Feverish; pertaining to fever | febrile |
relative consistency or equilibrium in the eternal environment of the body, which is maintained by the ever changing process of feedback and regulation in response to internal changes. | Homeostasis |
Body defense against injury, infection or allergy marked by redness swelling, heat, pain and sometimes loss of function | Inflammation |
Diseased or pertaining to a disease | Morbid |
Branch of medicine concerned with the use if radiation, ultrasound and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of a disease and injury | Radiology |
Medical imaging using external sources or radiation to evaluate body structures and functions of organs | Diagnostic Radiology |
Use of imaging techniques in the nonsurgical treatment of various disorders such as balloon angioplasty and cardiac catherization | Interventional Radiology |
use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of the malignant tumors. | Therapeutic Radiology (radiation oncology) |
Substances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called tracers. | Radionuclides |
Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance that travels to the organ or area of the body that will be scanned | Radiopharmaceutical |
Term used to describe a computerized image my modality (such as CT, MRI, and nuclear) or by structure (such as thyroid bone) | Scan |
Producing or associated with generation or pus | suppurative |
visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall | Laparoscopy |
Visual examination of the cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument | Endoscopy |
Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs | Thoracoscopy |
Common blood test the enumarates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; measures hemoglobin; estimated red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells in to five subtypes and percentages | Complete blood count |
Common urin test that evaluated the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine | Urinalysis |
Imaging technique achived by rotating an x-ray machine around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of the transmitted rays from different angles | Computed Tomography (CT) Scan |
Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off of moving blood cells | Doppler |
Radiographic technique in which xrays are directed through the body to a florescent screen that displays continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images | Fluoroscopy |
Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce maniplanar cross-sectional images | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
Diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) introduced to the body (inhaled, injected, or ingested) and a scanning device to determine size shape, located, and function of various organs and structures | nuclear scan |