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BIO 100 Body Struct
BIO 100 Body Structure Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell but contained within the cell membrane | Cytoplasm |
| Molecure that holds genetic information and makes an exact copy of itself whenever the cell divides | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory, and clinical tests results, and radiolographic procedures | Diagnosis |
| Instrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the insde of a hollow organ or cavity | Endoscope |
| Study of the causes of disease | Etiology |
| Instrument, consisting of an x-ray machine and flourescent screen, used to view the internal organs of the body | Fluroscope |
| pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin | Idiopathic |
| Chemical changes that that take place in a cell or an organism and produce energy and basic materials needed for all life process | Metabolism |
| Prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery | prognosis |
| Any objective evidence or manifestation of an illness or disordered function of the body | Sign |
| Any change in the body or its functions as preceived by the patient | symptom |
| Levels of organization | 1st: cell 2nd: tissue 3rd: organ 4th: systen 5th: organism |
| study of the body at the cellular level | Cytology |
| Body cells perform these types of activites | activites associated with life, including obtaining nourishment, eliminating waste and reproducing |
| Cells are composed of... | cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
| The nucelus is responsible for.... | metabolism, growth and reporduction |
| The cell membrane... | acts as a barrier that encloses the entire cell |
| Study of tissues.. | Histology |
| Type of tissue that covers surfaces of organs; lines cavities and canals; forms tubes, and secreting protions of glands; makes up the epidermis of the skin. | Epithelial tissue |
| Supports and connects other tissues and organs and is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood | Connective tissue |
| provides the contractile tissue of the body which is responsible for movement | Muscle Tissue |
| Transmits electrical impluses | Nervous tissue |
| Organs are.. | Body structures composed of at least two or more tissue types that perform specialized functions |
| Systems are... | composed of varying number of organs and accessory structures that have similar or interrelated functions |
| An Organism is... | a complete living entity capable of independent existance. Consists of a number of systems. |
| Anatomical Position | Facing foward feet parallel, arms to the side hands facinf foward with thumbs pointing up. |
| Divides the body left and right | Midsagittal Plane |
| Divides the bodys Anterior and Posterior | Coronal or Frontal plane |
| Divides the bodys Superior and Inferior | Transverse of Horizontal plane |
| Major organ of the Cranial Cavity | Brain |
| major organ of the Spinal Cavity | Spinal cord |
| The Dorsal Cavity contains... (types of cavities) | Cranial, Spinal |
| The Ventral Cavity contains...(types of cavities) | Thoracic, Abdominopelvic |
| Major organs of the Thoracic Cavity | Heart, Lungs, and associated structures |
| Major organs of the Abdominopelvic Cavity | Digestive, excretory and reproductive organs and structures |
| RUQ | Right Upper Quadrant |
| LUQ | Left Upper Quadrant |
| RLQ | Right Lower Quadrant |
| LLQ | left Lower Quadrant |
| The Spine is divided in to these sections.. | Cervical(neck), thoracic(chest), lumbar(loin), sacral(lower back), coccyx(tail bone) |
| Movement away from the median plan of the body or one of its parts | ABduction |
| Movement toward the median plane | ADduction |
| Pertaining to the midline of the body structure | Medial |
| pertaining to the side | lateral |
| Toward the hear or upper portion of a structure | Superior |
| Away from the head or towards the tail or lower part of a structure | Inferior (caudal) |
| Nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body | Proximal |
| Further form the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body | Distal |
| Near the front of the body | Anterior (ventral) |
| Near the back of the body | Posterior (dorsal) |
| Pertaining to the outer layer of the outer wall of the body cavity | Parietal |
| Pertaining to the inner layer of the outer wall of the body cavity (viscera) | Visceral |
| Lying horizontal with the face downward, or indicating the hands with the palms turned downward | Prone |
| Lying on the back face upward, or indicating the position of the hand or foot with the palm or foot facing upward | Supine |
| Turning inward or inside out | Inversion |
| Turning outward | Eversion |
| Pertaining to the palm of the hand | Palmer |
| Pertaining to the sole of the foot | plantar |
| Towards the surface of the body | Superficial |
| away from the surface of the body (internal) | Deep |
| Cell | Cyt/o |
| Tissue | hist/o |
| nucleus | nucle/o, kary/o |
| anterior, front (combining form0 | Anter/o |
| tail | caud/o |
| Cranium (skull) | crani/o |
| far, farthest | dist/o |
| back (of the body) | dors/o |
| lower, below | infer/o |
| side | later/o |
| middle | medi/o |
| back (of the body), behind, posterior | Poster/o |
| near, nearest | proxim/o |
| belly, belly side | ventr/o |
| abdomen | abdomin/o |
| neck, cervix uteri (neck of uterus) | cervic/o |
| ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone) | ili/o |
| groin | inguin/o |
| loins, lower back | lumb/o |
| naval | umbilic/o |
| Spine | Spin/o |
| white | albin/o, leuk/o |
| green | chlor/o |
| color | chrom/o |
| yellow | cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o |
| Blue | cyan/o |
| red | erythr/o |
| black | melan/o |
| gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord) | poli/o |
| extremity | acr/o |
| cause | eti/o |
| band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles) | fasci/o |
| unknown, peculiar | idi/o |
| form, shape, structure | morph/o |
| radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side | radi/o |
| body | somat/o |
| sound | son/o |
| internal organs | viscer/o |
| dry | xer/o |
| Possible causes for disease | metabolic, infectious, congenital, hereditary, environmental, neoplastic |
| Abnormal fibrous ban that holds normally separated tissues together, usually occurring with in the body cavity | Adhesion |
| Substance being analyzed or tested, generally by means of a chemical | analyte |
| In radiology, a "dye" introduced in to the body via catheter or swallowed to facilitate radiographic imaging of internal structures that are otherwise difficult to visualize on x-ray films | Contrast medium |
| Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound | dehiscence |
| Feverish; pertaining to fever | febrile |
| relative consistency or equilibrium in the eternal environment of the body, which is maintained by the ever changing process of feedback and regulation in response to internal changes. | Homeostasis |
| Body defense against injury, infection or allergy marked by redness swelling, heat, pain and sometimes loss of function | Inflammation |
| Diseased or pertaining to a disease | Morbid |
| Branch of medicine concerned with the use if radiation, ultrasound and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of a disease and injury | Radiology |
| Medical imaging using external sources or radiation to evaluate body structures and functions of organs | Diagnostic Radiology |
| Use of imaging techniques in the nonsurgical treatment of various disorders such as balloon angioplasty and cardiac catherization | Interventional Radiology |
| use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of the malignant tumors. | Therapeutic Radiology (radiation oncology) |
| Substances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called tracers. | Radionuclides |
| Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance that travels to the organ or area of the body that will be scanned | Radiopharmaceutical |
| Term used to describe a computerized image my modality (such as CT, MRI, and nuclear) or by structure (such as thyroid bone) | Scan |
| Producing or associated with generation or pus | suppurative |
| visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall | Laparoscopy |
| Visual examination of the cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument | Endoscopy |
| Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs | Thoracoscopy |
| Common blood test the enumarates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; measures hemoglobin; estimated red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells in to five subtypes and percentages | Complete blood count |
| Common urin test that evaluated the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine | Urinalysis |
| Imaging technique achived by rotating an x-ray machine around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of the transmitted rays from different angles | Computed Tomography (CT) Scan |
| Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off of moving blood cells | Doppler |
| Radiographic technique in which xrays are directed through the body to a florescent screen that displays continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images | Fluoroscopy |
| Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce maniplanar cross-sectional images | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
| Diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) introduced to the body (inhaled, injected, or ingested) and a scanning device to determine size shape, located, and function of various organs and structures | nuclear scan |
Created by:
ErikaB302
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