Question | Answer |
Anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder of psychological origin. |
Appendicitis | Acute inflammation of the appendix usually caused by infection or obstruction. |
Bulimia | a syndrome in which an individual binges on food and then purges by inducing vomiting |
cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder. |
colon cancer | common malignancy characterized by change in bowel habits, |
crohn's disease | chronic disease that exhibits inflammation of the ileum resulting in diarrhea, right lower quadrant pain |
Diverticulitis | Inflammation of diverticula usually caused by impacted feces or bacteria in the sacs |
Diverticulosis | diverticula in colon with out symptoms |
duodenal ulcer | Lesion in the mucous membrane of the small intestine usually caused by hyuperacidity or helicobacter pylon |
Enterobiasis | Intestinal parasites causing intestinal and rectal infection |
Gastric Ulcer | Caused by bacteria H. pylori, salicylates, smoking and alcohol |
Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract. |
Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach lining usually caused by an undefined irritant |
Gastroesophagel relux disease | A small valve int he lower esophagus leaks causing stomach acid to back up from the stomach to the esophagus |
Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by infection from a virus resulting in hepatomegaly, anorexia, and jaundice |
Hiatal hernia | Congenital or traumatic protrusion of stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity |
Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas |
Pancreatic cancer | Cancer of the pancreas |
Hematemesis | vomiting blood |
melena | blood in feces |
hematochezia | bright red blood in feces |
perforate | a hole caused by ulceration |
peritonitis | infectious organisms enter the membrane covering the internal organs |
What is used to look at the upper GI | barium swallow |
What is used to look at the lower GI | barium enema |
Sigmoidoscopy | diagnostic examination of the interior of the sigmoid colon |
What are the parts of the eye? | Sclera, Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Anterior chamber, Posterior chamber, Lens, Posterior cavity, posterior cavity, posterior sclera, choroid layer, retina |
What is the sclera | white area covering the outside of the eye except over the pupil and iris |
What is the Cornea | Clear tissue covering the pupil and iris |
what is the Iris | round disk of smooth and radial muscles giving the eye its color |
what is the Pupil | round opening in the iris that changes size as the iris racts to light and dark |
What is the Anterior chamber | space between cornea and iris/pupil filled with clear fluid called aqueous humor |
What is the posterior chamber | space between the iris and lens that is filled with aqueous humor |
what is the lens | clear fibers enclosed in a membrane that refract and focus light to the retina |
what is the posterior cavity | the space in the posterior part of the eyeball filled with thick, gelatinous material called vitreous humor |
what is the posterior sclera | white opaque layer covering the posterior part of the eyeball |
what is the choroid layer | the layer between the sclera and retina containing blood vessels |
what is the retina | the inside layer of the posterior part of the eye that receives the light rays |
What is Myopia | nearsightedness, light rays focus in front of the retina |
what is hyperopia | farsightedness, light rays focus beyond the retina |
presbyopia | light rays focus behind the retina |
astigmatism | light rays focus on multible areas of the retina |
what is the Snellen chart | it consists of the alphabet letters in various combinatins starting at the top with the large E and descending sized letters by line toward the bottom |
What is the Jaeger chart | checking clear vision is a small card that is held by the patient between 14 and 16 inches from the eye. |
What is the Ishihara test? | to check color vision |
What is a ophthalmoscope? | instrument used to view inside patient's eye |
What are the divided parts of the ear | external ear, middle ear, and the inner ear |
What does the external ear include | The pinna(auricle) and the external auditory canal |
What is the middle ear also called? | The tympanic cavity |
What does the middle ear inclued? | three bones called, malleus(hammer), incus(anvil) and stapes(stirrup) next to the stapes is the oval window that leads to the inner ear |
What does the inner ear inclued? | fluid-filled sterile space housing the vestibule, the semicircular canals, the round window, and the cochlea. This area is responsible for both hearing and equilibrium |
What is the vestibule responsible for? | maintaining equilibrium |
What is the semicircular canals do? | assist the body to adjust to changes in direction. This area can cause dizziness |
What is the cochlea do? | organ of hearing |
What is Cerumen? | it is ear wax |
What is a myringotomy | a surgical incision into the tympanic membrane to remove accumulated fluid caused by infection |
What is a FVC? | forced virtual capacity, which represents the volume of air that can be exhaled from the lung after the lung is filled |
What is FEV? | forced expiration volume is the volume of gas forcibly exhaled from the lungs the first second of expiration |
What is FEF | expiration flow, which is a measure on a volume-time curve |
What is PEFR | peak expiratory flow rates, help determine the extent of a patient's asthma condition |
What is a pulse oximetry | it evaluates the amount of oxygen saturation in the blood and shows it in a precent. it can be placed on earlobe, toe, finer, or bridge of the nose. |
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton? | 126 |
how many bones are in the axial skeleton | 80 |
Asthma | inflammation and spasm of the smooth muscle of the bronchi brought on by an allergen or emotional upset |
bronchitis | Inflammation fo the bronchi, caused by viral or bacterial infection with a dry, painful cough, progressing to a productive cough of greenish yellow sputum |
emphysema | enlargement of the alveoli due to lost elasticity, usually brought on by a long-time irritant |
influenza | a viral infectin of various strains fo the upper respiratory tract |
Laryngitis | Hoarseness, cough, aphonia cuased by infections from nose or throat |
Nasal polyp | a tumor of the nose that can bleed easily |
pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx caused by a bacteria, virus, or an irritant |
Pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura caused by bacteria or viruses |
Pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs cuased by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and chemical irritants |
Tonsillitis | Inflammation of the tonsils usually caused by streptococcus |
What is aphasia | inability to speak |
What is SAC | short arm cast |
Waht is LAC | long arm cast |
What is LLC | Long and short leg casts |
What is peripheral nerve | nervers away from spinal cord |
How many cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
What does cranial nerve I do? | aroma identification |
what does cranial nerve II do? | visual acuity, visual fields, optic disk |
what does cranial nerve III, IV, VI do? | extraocular eye muscles |
what does cranial nerve V do? | sensations of the face, scalp, teeth |
what does cranial nerve VII do? | facial expressions, taste |
what does cranial nerve VIII do? | ear, hearing and equilibrium |
what does cranial nerve IX and X do? | gag reflex, saliva secretion, voice, slowing of heartbeat |
What does cranial nerve XI do? | neck and shoulder muscle |
What does cranial nerve XII do? | tongue |
Bell's palsy | paralysis of seventh cranial nerve caused by an acute inflammation. usually facial paralysis and pain |
Epilepsy | episodes of seizures caused by changes in electrical brain potentials that result in disturbed brain impulses or function |
meningitis | inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain. stiff neck, headache, anorexia and irregular fever |
Multiple sclerosis | chronic progressive disease characterized by demyelination(destruction of nerve covering) of nerve fibers. |
Parkinson's disease | a slowly progressive disease, usually occurring in later life, caused by degeneration of brain cells due to lack of dopamine in the brain. |
What is measured in peds to frovide valuable info? | height(lenght), weight, and head circumference |