Question | Answer |
child's growth measurement parms | weight,head circumference,length/height and dentition(eruption of teeth). |
development | stages of-newborn b.-1mo,infant 1mo-1yr,toddler 1-3yr,pre-sch 3-6yr,sch 6-12yr,adolescents 12-18 or 21 yrs. |
active acquired immunity | long-term immun. from antibodies that dev naturally after infection or vaccine. |
passive acquired immunity | from antibodies transmitted thru placenta,colostrum, injection of antiserum. |
varicella-zoster virus | infectious agent is member of the Herpesvirus group. spread throught direct contact, incubation period is from 10-21 days. communicable from up to 5 days before skin erupts. immunization for chicken pox is varicella vaccine. |
5th disease | viral disease characterized by a face that appears as "slapped cheeks", a fiery red rash on the cheeks. in 1-4 days after facial rash, a maculopapular rash appears on trunk and extremities. disease lsts from 2-5 days, but rash may occur.infectious agent i |
asthma | paroxysmal dyspnea, severe attack of diff.breathing. wheezing caused by bronchialtube spasm or mucous mem swelling. is reversible. |
rubella | German,3day measles-mild febrile infectious disease resembling scarlet fever and measles, but differs in short course. characterized by a rash of macules and papules that disappears in three days. Koplik's spots and photophobia are NOT present. infectious |
rubeola | Red,7day measles-begins as upper-resp.w/fever,sorethroat,cough,runnynose, sensitivity to lite, red blotchy rash 4-5 days after onset. Koplik's spots in the mouth- measles virus is infectious agent, direct contact infect/person.incub per.is 10-20days.MMR v |
HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
RDS | respiratory distress syndrome,hyaline membrane disease |
spina bifida occulta | congen defect-central nerv sys.back portion of on+vertabrae is not closed usually 5th lumbar. |
Tay-Sachs | a gengenital disorder from an altered lipid metabolism from enzyme deficiency. phy and mental retardation.symp begin about 6mo. |
umbilical hernia | protrusion of the intestine thru weakness in ab wall around the belly button. |
croup | barking cough,stridor,laryngeal spasm. |
cryptorchidism | undescended testicle, surgery may be necessary.(orchiopexy) |
scarlet fever | scarlatina,acute,contagious-sore throat,hifever,increased pulse,strawberry tongue+punctiform(pointlike)red rash on body.streptococci,inc-2-4days,onset+10days contagious. |
cleft lip/palate | congen defect-open space between nasal cav and lip, did not fuse in embryologic dev. cleft palate is failure of hard palate to fuse. |
Reye's syndrome | severe edema of brain with intracranial pressure,hypoglycemia,fatyy dysfunct of liver. viral illness + aspirin is potential. 5 diff symptoms. |
omphalocele hernia | congen. herniation of intra-abdom viscera thru a defect in the abdo wall around the navel(umbilicus) |
2 most common cancers | breast,prostate |
de-differentiation | anaplasia, change in structure and orientation of cells, loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form. |
anaplasia | de-differentiation |
malignant | tending to become worse and cause death. |
metastasis | process-tumor cells spread to distant parts of body. |
antineoplastic | of or pertaining to substance,procedure or measure that prevents the proliferation of malignant cells. |
pedunculated | pertaining to a structure with a stalk. |
sessile | attached by a base rather than a stalk or a peduncle. |
oncology | study of cancer |
metastatic intracranial tumors | occuring as a result of metastasis from a primary site such as the lung or breast. |
primary intracranial tumor | arise from gliomas (malignant glial cells that are a support for nerve tissues) or from the meninges |
benign | noncancerous, non life-threatening |
ductal carcinoma | most common type of breast cancer, |
wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney -usually in childhood. |
kaposi's sarcoma | rare malignant lesions begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet-gradually spreak thruout the skin. |
warning signs of cancer - acronym | CAUTION-change in bowel or bladder habits,a sore that does not heal,unusual bleeding or discharge,thickening or lump in breast or ?,indigestion or difficulty in swallow,obvious change in wart/mole,nagging cough or hoarse |
staging of neoplasms | T(0-4)tumor size(primary),N(0-3)degree of regional lymph node involvement,M(0-3)presence or absence of distant metastases. |
grading of neoplasms | 1-well differientiated cells function most like the parent tissue, 4-least differentiated,most rapidly increasing in number. |
carcinomas | largest group of neoplasms. originate from epithelial tissue(covers internal and external body surfaces) ex.-gastric adenocarcinoma |
sarcomas | less common. originate from supportive and connective tissue such as bone,fat,muscle, and cartilage. osteosarcoma |
benign characteristics | usually encapsulated,well differentiated,well-defined borders,slow-growing/limited to 1 area,possible growth displacement, but not invasion to adjacent tissue |
chemotherapy | use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on a selective basis. |
radiation RTx | emission of energy, rays, or waves |
surgery | used in more than 90%of cancers, used in diagnosing and staging. in more than 60% of all cancers, primary treatment |
cephalocaudal | Growth and development proceeds from head to toe |
proximodistal | – Growth and development proceeds from center outward or from midline to periphery |
development principles | gen to specific,simple to complex,growthspurts |
Impetigo | Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face,Progresses to pruritic erosions and crusts with a honey-colored appearance |
Mumps | Infectious Parotitis, viral, fever,swelling/tender of salivary glands,MMR vaccine |
Pertussis | Whooping Cough,upper resp infect disease, violent cough whoop, DPT vaccine |
Roseola infantum | viral disease,hi fever 3-4 days w/ cold like symptoms. after fever rash on trunk.herpes 6 |
lumbar puncture | obtain spinal fluid by hollow needle and stylet into space of lumbar portion of the spinal canal |
microcephalus | congenital anomaly w/smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body-underdevelopment of the brain,retardation |
neonatology | study of newborns |
nomogram | graphic respresentation of a numeric relationship |
omphalitis | inflammation of the navel |
omphalocele | herniation of intra-abdom viscera thru a defect in abdom wall around the navel |
omphalorrhea | drainage from the navel |
primary teeth | baby teeth, deciduous teeth |
prodromal | early signs/symptoms of a disease |
pyrexia | fever |
recumbent | lying down |
retraction | displacement of tissues to expose part or structure of body |
stridor | abnormal, high-pitched musical sound |
toxoid | toxin that has been treated w/chemicals or heat to decrease its toxic effect,but is able to produce antibodies |
tympanic temperature | temperature taken at the tympanic membrane(ear) |
vertex | top of the head, crown. |
wheezing | a breath sound, with high pitched musical quality. |
blast/o | embryonic stage of development |
cephal/o | head |
crypt/o | hidden |
epi | upon,over |
esophag/o | esophagus |
hydr/o | water |
hypo | under,below,less than normal |
nat/o | birth |
neo | new |
omphal | navel |
pyr/o | fire |
rose/o | rose colored |
tetr/a | four |
tympan/o | eardrum |
diphtheria | infect.disease affecting nose,pharynx,or larynx, sore throat,dysphonia and fever. forms white coating over affected airways as it multiplies. DPT vaccine. |
epispadias | urethra opens on the upper side of the penis, near the glans. |
Hemolytic disease of the Newborn | HDN,erythroblastosis fetalis, Rh factor, antigen,antibody reaction. |
esophageal atresia | EA, esophagus abnormality-it ends before it reaches the stomach . |
gigantism | overgrowth of the body due to hypersecretion of the human grownth hormone before puberty. |
hydrocele | accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct |
hydrocephalus | abnormal increase of CSF,cerebrospinal fluid, causing ventricles of brain to dilate;increased head circum. |
hypospadias | urethra opens on underside of penis |
intussusception | telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine causing obstruction. |
patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between pulm.artery and aorta (from birth) |
phimosis | tightness of foreskin of penis |
Shaken Baby Syndrome | SBS |
heel puncture | to obtain blood sample from newborn |
AAP | American Academy of Pediatrics |
ASQ | Ages & Stages Questionnaire |
BCG | bacille Calmette-Guerin |
DPT | diphtheria,pertussis, and tetanus vaccine |
DS | Down syndrome |
DA | esophageal atresia |
HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
HIB | Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine |
HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
MMR | measles-mumps-rubella |
PKU | phenylketonuria |
PNP | pediatrics nurse practitioner |
RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
SBS | shaken baby syndrome |
SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
Tb | tuberculosis |
Td | tentanus and diphtheria toxoid |
adjuvant | substance, especially a drug, added to a prescription ot assist in the action of the main ingredient. |
antimetabolite | a class of antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer. |
scirrhous | pertaining to a carcinoma w/a hard structure |
radiotherapy | treatment of disease using X-rays or gamma rays |
protocol | written plan of steps to be taken |
papilloma | a benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a branching or lobular tumor. |
oncogene | a gene in a virus that has the ability to cause a malignant tumor |
oncogenesis | formation of a tumor |
modality | method of application |
mitosis | cell division -formation of 2 genetically identical daughter cells |
lumpectomy | removal of tumor and adjacent breast tissue |
neoplasm | abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant |
morbidity | illness or abnormal condition or quality |
radiocurable tumor,radioresistant tumor,radioresponsive tumor | reacts favorably or not to radiation |
staging | distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease. |
stem cell | a formative cell; a cell whose dauther cells may give rise to other cell types. |
tumor | new growth of tissue w/progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells. |
verrucous | rough,warty |
ana | without |
-blast | embryonic stage of development |
carcin/0 | cancer |
chem/o | pertaining to a chemical |
cry/o | cold |
cyst/o | bladder,sac,or cyst |
epi | on,upon |
fibr/o | pertaining to fiber |
meta | beyond or after |
-oma | tumor |
onc/o | swelling, mass or tumor |
papill/o | resembling a nipple |
-plasia | formation or growth |
-plasm | living substance |
radi/o | radiation;also refers to radius |
sarc/o | of or related to the flesh |
scirrh/o | hard |
malignant tumor characteristics | not encapsulated,irregular in shape and pattern of growth,no resemblance to cell of origin,no well-defined borders,growth into adjacent cells,can metastasize to distant sites thru blood or lymph systems,rapid growth thru rapid cell division/multiplication |
PSA | prostate specific antigen |
basal cell carcinoma | most common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue |
squamous cell carcinoma | malignancy of squamous cells of epithelial tissue, much faster growing than basal cell. |
intracranial tumors | occur in any region of the brain. classified as metastatic or primary, may be benign or malignant |
Bx,bx | biopsy |
Ca | Cancer |
CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen |
DES | diethylstilbestrol |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
mets | metastasis |
NHL | non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
Papsmear | a simple smear method of examining stained exfoliative cells |
PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
RTx | radiation therapy |
TNM | tumor,nodes, and metastasis(staging system for malignant neoplastic disease) |