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Chapters19and21
Child Health & Oncology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| child's growth measurement parms | weight,head circumference,length/height and dentition(eruption of teeth). |
| development | stages of-newborn b.-1mo,infant 1mo-1yr,toddler 1-3yr,pre-sch 3-6yr,sch 6-12yr,adolescents 12-18 or 21 yrs. |
| active acquired immunity | long-term immun. from antibodies that dev naturally after infection or vaccine. |
| passive acquired immunity | from antibodies transmitted thru placenta,colostrum, injection of antiserum. |
| varicella-zoster virus | infectious agent is member of the Herpesvirus group. spread throught direct contact, incubation period is from 10-21 days. communicable from up to 5 days before skin erupts. immunization for chicken pox is varicella vaccine. |
| 5th disease | viral disease characterized by a face that appears as "slapped cheeks", a fiery red rash on the cheeks. in 1-4 days after facial rash, a maculopapular rash appears on trunk and extremities. disease lsts from 2-5 days, but rash may occur.infectious agent i |
| asthma | paroxysmal dyspnea, severe attack of diff.breathing. wheezing caused by bronchialtube spasm or mucous mem swelling. is reversible. |
| rubella | German,3day measles-mild febrile infectious disease resembling scarlet fever and measles, but differs in short course. characterized by a rash of macules and papules that disappears in three days. Koplik's spots and photophobia are NOT present. infectious |
| rubeola | Red,7day measles-begins as upper-resp.w/fever,sorethroat,cough,runnynose, sensitivity to lite, red blotchy rash 4-5 days after onset. Koplik's spots in the mouth- measles virus is infectious agent, direct contact infect/person.incub per.is 10-20days.MMR v |
| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome,hyaline membrane disease |
| spina bifida occulta | congen defect-central nerv sys.back portion of on+vertabrae is not closed usually 5th lumbar. |
| Tay-Sachs | a gengenital disorder from an altered lipid metabolism from enzyme deficiency. phy and mental retardation.symp begin about 6mo. |
| umbilical hernia | protrusion of the intestine thru weakness in ab wall around the belly button. |
| croup | barking cough,stridor,laryngeal spasm. |
| cryptorchidism | undescended testicle, surgery may be necessary.(orchiopexy) |
| scarlet fever | scarlatina,acute,contagious-sore throat,hifever,increased pulse,strawberry tongue+punctiform(pointlike)red rash on body.streptococci,inc-2-4days,onset+10days contagious. |
| cleft lip/palate | congen defect-open space between nasal cav and lip, did not fuse in embryologic dev. cleft palate is failure of hard palate to fuse. |
| Reye's syndrome | severe edema of brain with intracranial pressure,hypoglycemia,fatyy dysfunct of liver. viral illness + aspirin is potential. 5 diff symptoms. |
| omphalocele hernia | congen. herniation of intra-abdom viscera thru a defect in the abdo wall around the navel(umbilicus) |
| 2 most common cancers | breast,prostate |
| de-differentiation | anaplasia, change in structure and orientation of cells, loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form. |
| anaplasia | de-differentiation |
| malignant | tending to become worse and cause death. |
| metastasis | process-tumor cells spread to distant parts of body. |
| antineoplastic | of or pertaining to substance,procedure or measure that prevents the proliferation of malignant cells. |
| pedunculated | pertaining to a structure with a stalk. |
| sessile | attached by a base rather than a stalk or a peduncle. |
| oncology | study of cancer |
| metastatic intracranial tumors | occuring as a result of metastasis from a primary site such as the lung or breast. |
| primary intracranial tumor | arise from gliomas (malignant glial cells that are a support for nerve tissues) or from the meninges |
| benign | noncancerous, non life-threatening |
| ductal carcinoma | most common type of breast cancer, |
| wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney -usually in childhood. |
| kaposi's sarcoma | rare malignant lesions begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet-gradually spreak thruout the skin. |
| warning signs of cancer - acronym | CAUTION-change in bowel or bladder habits,a sore that does not heal,unusual bleeding or discharge,thickening or lump in breast or ?,indigestion or difficulty in swallow,obvious change in wart/mole,nagging cough or hoarse |
| staging of neoplasms | T(0-4)tumor size(primary),N(0-3)degree of regional lymph node involvement,M(0-3)presence or absence of distant metastases. |
| grading of neoplasms | 1-well differientiated cells function most like the parent tissue, 4-least differentiated,most rapidly increasing in number. |
| carcinomas | largest group of neoplasms. originate from epithelial tissue(covers internal and external body surfaces) ex.-gastric adenocarcinoma |
| sarcomas | less common. originate from supportive and connective tissue such as bone,fat,muscle, and cartilage. osteosarcoma |
| benign characteristics | usually encapsulated,well differentiated,well-defined borders,slow-growing/limited to 1 area,possible growth displacement, but not invasion to adjacent tissue |
| chemotherapy | use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on a selective basis. |
| radiation RTx | emission of energy, rays, or waves |
| surgery | used in more than 90%of cancers, used in diagnosing and staging. in more than 60% of all cancers, primary treatment |
| cephalocaudal | Growth and development proceeds from head to toe |
| proximodistal | – Growth and development proceeds from center outward or from midline to periphery |
| development principles | gen to specific,simple to complex,growthspurts |
| Impetigo | Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face,Progresses to pruritic erosions and crusts with a honey-colored appearance |
| Mumps | Infectious Parotitis, viral, fever,swelling/tender of salivary glands,MMR vaccine |
| Pertussis | Whooping Cough,upper resp infect disease, violent cough whoop, DPT vaccine |
| Roseola infantum | viral disease,hi fever 3-4 days w/ cold like symptoms. after fever rash on trunk.herpes 6 |
| lumbar puncture | obtain spinal fluid by hollow needle and stylet into space of lumbar portion of the spinal canal |
| microcephalus | congenital anomaly w/smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body-underdevelopment of the brain,retardation |
| neonatology | study of newborns |
| nomogram | graphic respresentation of a numeric relationship |
| omphalitis | inflammation of the navel |
| omphalocele | herniation of intra-abdom viscera thru a defect in abdom wall around the navel |
| omphalorrhea | drainage from the navel |
| primary teeth | baby teeth, deciduous teeth |
| prodromal | early signs/symptoms of a disease |
| pyrexia | fever |
| recumbent | lying down |
| retraction | displacement of tissues to expose part or structure of body |
| stridor | abnormal, high-pitched musical sound |
| toxoid | toxin that has been treated w/chemicals or heat to decrease its toxic effect,but is able to produce antibodies |
| tympanic temperature | temperature taken at the tympanic membrane(ear) |
| vertex | top of the head, crown. |
| wheezing | a breath sound, with high pitched musical quality. |
| blast/o | embryonic stage of development |
| cephal/o | head |
| crypt/o | hidden |
| epi | upon,over |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| hydr/o | water |
| hypo | under,below,less than normal |
| nat/o | birth |
| neo | new |
| omphal | navel |
| pyr/o | fire |
| rose/o | rose colored |
| tetr/a | four |
| tympan/o | eardrum |
| diphtheria | infect.disease affecting nose,pharynx,or larynx, sore throat,dysphonia and fever. forms white coating over affected airways as it multiplies. DPT vaccine. |
| epispadias | urethra opens on the upper side of the penis, near the glans. |
| Hemolytic disease of the Newborn | HDN,erythroblastosis fetalis, Rh factor, antigen,antibody reaction. |
| esophageal atresia | EA, esophagus abnormality-it ends before it reaches the stomach . |
| gigantism | overgrowth of the body due to hypersecretion of the human grownth hormone before puberty. |
| hydrocele | accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal increase of CSF,cerebrospinal fluid, causing ventricles of brain to dilate;increased head circum. |
| hypospadias | urethra opens on underside of penis |
| intussusception | telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine causing obstruction. |
| patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between pulm.artery and aorta (from birth) |
| phimosis | tightness of foreskin of penis |
| Shaken Baby Syndrome | SBS |
| heel puncture | to obtain blood sample from newborn |
| AAP | American Academy of Pediatrics |
| ASQ | Ages & Stages Questionnaire |
| BCG | bacille Calmette-Guerin |
| DPT | diphtheria,pertussis, and tetanus vaccine |
| DS | Down syndrome |
| DA | esophageal atresia |
| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| HIB | Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine |
| HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
| MMR | measles-mumps-rubella |
| PKU | phenylketonuria |
| PNP | pediatrics nurse practitioner |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
| SBS | shaken baby syndrome |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| Tb | tuberculosis |
| Td | tentanus and diphtheria toxoid |
| adjuvant | substance, especially a drug, added to a prescription ot assist in the action of the main ingredient. |
| antimetabolite | a class of antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer. |
| scirrhous | pertaining to a carcinoma w/a hard structure |
| radiotherapy | treatment of disease using X-rays or gamma rays |
| protocol | written plan of steps to be taken |
| papilloma | a benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a branching or lobular tumor. |
| oncogene | a gene in a virus that has the ability to cause a malignant tumor |
| oncogenesis | formation of a tumor |
| modality | method of application |
| mitosis | cell division -formation of 2 genetically identical daughter cells |
| lumpectomy | removal of tumor and adjacent breast tissue |
| neoplasm | abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant |
| morbidity | illness or abnormal condition or quality |
| radiocurable tumor,radioresistant tumor,radioresponsive tumor | reacts favorably or not to radiation |
| staging | distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease. |
| stem cell | a formative cell; a cell whose dauther cells may give rise to other cell types. |
| tumor | new growth of tissue w/progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells. |
| verrucous | rough,warty |
| ana | without |
| -blast | embryonic stage of development |
| carcin/0 | cancer |
| chem/o | pertaining to a chemical |
| cry/o | cold |
| cyst/o | bladder,sac,or cyst |
| epi | on,upon |
| fibr/o | pertaining to fiber |
| meta | beyond or after |
| -oma | tumor |
| onc/o | swelling, mass or tumor |
| papill/o | resembling a nipple |
| -plasia | formation or growth |
| -plasm | living substance |
| radi/o | radiation;also refers to radius |
| sarc/o | of or related to the flesh |
| scirrh/o | hard |
| malignant tumor characteristics | not encapsulated,irregular in shape and pattern of growth,no resemblance to cell of origin,no well-defined borders,growth into adjacent cells,can metastasize to distant sites thru blood or lymph systems,rapid growth thru rapid cell division/multiplication |
| PSA | prostate specific antigen |
| basal cell carcinoma | most common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue |
| squamous cell carcinoma | malignancy of squamous cells of epithelial tissue, much faster growing than basal cell. |
| intracranial tumors | occur in any region of the brain. classified as metastatic or primary, may be benign or malignant |
| Bx,bx | biopsy |
| Ca | Cancer |
| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| DES | diethylstilbestrol |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| mets | metastasis |
| NHL | non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Papsmear | a simple smear method of examining stained exfoliative cells |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| RTx | radiation therapy |
| TNM | tumor,nodes, and metastasis(staging system for malignant neoplastic disease) |
Created by:
kcannon
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