Term | Definition |
Abduction | movement of a bone away from the midline of the body |
Adduction | movement of a bone toward the midline of the body |
Arthralgia | joint pain |
Articular Cartilage | thin layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones |
Articulation | point two bones meet; a joint |
Ball-and-Socket Joint | joint that allows movements in many directions around a central point |
Bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe |
Bunionectomy | surgical removal of bunion |
Bursa | small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around a joint |
Closed Manipulation | manual forcing of joint back into its original position without making an incision |
Closed Reduction | manipulation |
Dorsiflexion | bending foot backward, or upward, at ankle |
Extension | straightening motion that increase the angle between 2 bones |
Flexion | bending motion that decreases the angle between 2 bones |
Ganglionectomy | surgical removal of a ganglion |
Hinge Joint | joint that allows movement in one direction; a back-and-forth motion |
Joint Cavity | space between 2 connecting bones |
Kyphosis | humpback |
Ligaments | connective tissue bands that join bone to bone, offering support to the joint |
Malaise | a vague feeling of weakness |
Needle Aspiration | needle insertion into a cavity to withdraw fluid |
Photosensitivity | increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight |
Plantar Flexion | bending the foot downward, at the ankle, as in ballet dancing |
Pronation | act of turning the palm down or backward |
Rotation | turning of a bone on its own axis |
Subluxation | an incomplete dislocation |
Supination | act of turning the palm up or forward |
Suture | an immovable joint |
Synovial Fluid | thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints |
Synovial Membrane | lining of a synovial joint cavity |
Viscous | sticky; gelatinous |
Arthralgia | joint pain |
Ataxia | without muscular coordination |
Atrophy | wasting away; without development |
Cardiac Muscle | forms the wall of the heart; involuntary muscle |
Dyskinesia | "bad or difficult movement" |
Epicondylitis | inflammation and pain in elbow; tennis elbow |
Fascia | sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle |
Fibromyalgia | chronic condition with widespread muscle and body pain |
Insertion | point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves |
Involuntary Muscles | muscles that act without conscious control |
Muscle Fiber | individual muscle cell |
Myoparesis | slight or partial muscle paralysis |
Origin | point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less movable |
Pelvic Girdle Weakness | weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle |
Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy | Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
Sarcopenia | loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with aging |
Skeletal Muscle | muscles that attach to the bones of the skeleton; act voluntarily |
Smooth Muscle | muscles found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes; act involuntarily |
Striated Muscle | muscles that have a striped appearance |
Tendon | strong fibrous band of tissue that extends from muscle to bone |
Torso | trunk |
Trunk | main part to body; head and extremities are attached; torso |
Visceral Muscle | muscles of the internal organs; smooth muscle |
Voluntary Muscle | operate under conscious control |
Gout | acute arthritis; inflammation of great toe |
Ganglion | cystic tumor developing on a tendon; sometimes on back of wrist |
Herniated Disk | rupture of the central portion, or nucleus, of the disk wall and into the spinal canal |
Lyme Disease | acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection from tic bite |
Osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease; most common form of arthritis; on weight bearing joints (hips and knees) |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affects multiple joints |
Sprain | injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | chronic inflammatory connective-tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs and other organs |
Arthrogram | an x-ray of a joint after injection of a contrast medium |
Arthrography | process of x-raying the inside of a joint after a contrast medium is injected |
Arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a joint |
Arthroscopy | visualization of the interior of a joint by using an endoscope |
Rheumatoid Factor | blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a connective tissue disease |
Erythrocyte Sed Rate | blood test that measures the rate erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube filled with unclotted blood |
What tissue type is responsible for the movement of the body? | Muscle |
Dorsal or pertaining to the back of the body | Posterior |
Appendix is located in the... | Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) |
Which muscle is most likely to be injured in a rotator cuff tear? | Supraspinatus |
Major Muscle of Rear End | Gluteus Maximus |
Bony prominence on the side of the ankle joint: | Lateral Malleolus |
What joint has the posterior cruciate and anterior cruciate ligaments? | Knee |
What joint has the pubofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments? | Hip |
Joint that allows you to nod your head: | Atlanto-Occipital |
Moving a body part away from the midline: | Abduction |
Bending to decrease the angle between two bones: | Flexion |
The hamstring muscles include: | Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus |
In a rotator cuff tear, where are the ligaments torn away from the bone? | Around the humerus |
Inner, jelly-like portion of the intervertebral disc | Nucleus Pulposus |
Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities |