Question | Answer |
agglutination | the clumping of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins. |
albumin | a plasma protein. helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure |
allergen | substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body. |
allergy | hypersenstive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental. |
anaphylaxis | an exaggerated life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen. |
anisocytosis | an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size |
antibodies | substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. |
antigens | a substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody. |
ascites | an abnormal intraperitoneal (within the peritoneal cavity)accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes. |
Anemia | an(without) emia(blood condition) decrease in hemoglobin in the blood resulting in a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells. |
Aplastic anemia | a(without) plast/o(formation) ic(pertaining to) aplastic anemia is a lack of formation of the blood elements. |
MCH | Mean cell hemoglobin |
Hemolytic anemia | hem/o(blood) lytic(destruction) hemolytic anemia is extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction. |
MCV | Mean cell volume |
Iron deficiency anemia | deficiency of hemoglobin level due to a lack of iron in the body. |
VLDL | Very-low-density lipoprotein |
Pernicious anemia | from a deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation and circulation of megaloblasts (large nucleated, immature, poorly functioning RBCs) with marked poikilocytosis (RBC shape variation) and anisocytosis(RBC size variation) |
diff. diag | Differential diagnosis |
Sickle cell anemia | chronic form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration |
Granulocytosis | granul/o (granules) cyt/o (cell) –osis(condition) – abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection. |
segs | Segmented neutrophils |
Hemochromatosis | hem/o(blood) chromat/o(color) –osis(condition) – a rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemias. |
IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgM | Immunoglobulin A,D,E,G,M |
Hemophilia | hem/o (blood) phil/o(attraction to)-ia(condition) involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times. |
Hemophilia A | most common form, results in traumatic or spontaneous bleeding |
Hemophilia B | Christmas disease, deficiency of a coagulation factor called factor IX. |
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Leukemia | leuk/o(white) –emia(blood condition) excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (decreased number of platelets) |
Acute myelogenous leukemia | (AML) (immature granulocytes) |
Acute lymphocytic leukemia | (ALL) (immature lymphocytes) |
Chronic myelogenous leukemia | (CML) (immature/mature granulocytes in bloodstream and bone marrow) |
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | (CLL) exceptional amounts of lymphocytes in the spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes that are abnormal, small and mature. |
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Multiple myeloma(plasma cell myeloma) | myel/o(bone marrow,spinal cord)-oma(tumor)A malignant plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma causes and increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells—which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure. |
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Polycythemia vera | poly(many)-cythemia(condition involving cells of the blood) and increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes—leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity (thickness) |
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Purpura | purpur/o(purple)-a(noun ending) a collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations. |
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Thalassemia | a hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBCs. |
Direct antiglobulin test (Coomb’s test) | used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an Rh negative woman. |
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Bleeding time | time required for bleeding to stop. (the Ivy method) 1-9 minutes is normal. |
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Blood transfusion | an administration of blood or blood component to an individual. |
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Bone marrow biopsy | microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue, to reveal number, shape and size of RBCs and WBCs and platelet precursors. |
Bone marrow transplant | a donor’s bone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the recipient. |
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Complete blood cell count | a series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which screens for problems in the hematologic system as well as several other organ systems |
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood. |
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Hematocrit | RBC percentage in the total blood volume. |
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Hemoglobin | hem/o(blood) –globin(containing protein) test – measures concentration. Hemoglobin is needed to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
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Lipid profile | measures the lipids in the bloods. |
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Partial thromboplastin time | to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body. |
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Platelet count | platelets per cubic millimeter of blood. |
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Prothrombin time | to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation. |
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Red blood cell count (RBC) | circulating number of RBCs in 1mm(to the third) of peripheral blood. |
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Red blood cell morphology | exam of the RBC on a stained blood smear in order to identify the form and shape of the RBCs. |
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Reticulocyte count | the number of immature erythrocytes in a blood specimen. |
PA | Pernicious anemia |
Rouleaux | aggregation of RBCs viewed through the microscope |
AHF | Antihemophilic factor (blood coagulationfactor VIII) |
Schilling test | analysis for pernicious anemia. |
BMT | Bone marrow transplantation |
White blood cell count (WBC) | circulating number of WBCs in 1mm(to the third) of peripheral blood. |
eos. | eosinophil |
White blood cell differential | percentage of each type of WBCs in 1mm(to the third) of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count. |
Hct | hematocrit |
Ab | antibody |
Ag | antigen |
ABO | Blood groups, A,AB, B and O |
AHF | Antihemophilic factor (blood coagulationfactor VIII) |
AHG | Antihemolytic globulin |
HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
CLL | Cholesterol-lowering lipid chroniclymphocytic leukemia |
PT | Prothrombin time |
PTT | Partial thromboplastin time |
Hbg | Hemoglobin (also Hgb) |
basophil | a granulocytic white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye. |
billirubin | orange-yellow pigment of bile formed by breakdown of hemoglobin in redblood cells. |
coagulation | process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood. |
corpuscle | any cell of the body;red or white blood cell. |
differentiation | process in development when unspecialized cells or tissues are modified and altered to become specialized. |
syscrasia | abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility. |
edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues. |
electrophoresis | movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field. |
enzyme | an organic substance that inititates and accelerates a chemical reaction. |
eosinophil | a granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte larger than a neutrophil with large numbers of cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin. |
erythremia | abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells. |
erythroblast | immature red blood cell. |
erythrocyte | mature red blood cell. |
erythropoiesis | process of red blood cell production. |
erythropoietin | hormone released into the blood stream in response to anoxia(lack of oxygen) |
fibrin | stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot. |
fibringen | plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions. |
globulin | plsma protein made to help in the synthesis of antibodies. |
granulocyte | type of leukocyte with cytoplasmic granules. |
heme | pigmented, iron-containing, nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule. |
hemoglobin | complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs. |
hemolysis | breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin |
hemostasis | to stop bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body. |
heparin | naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body. |
hyperalbuminemia | increased level of alumin in the blood. |
hyperbilirubinemia | greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood. |
hyperlipemia | excessive level of blood fats. |
leukocytopenia | abnormal decrease in number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter. |
megakaryocyte | extremely large bone marrow cell. |
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monocyte | large mononuclear leukocyte. |
myeloid | pertaining to the bone marrow or the spinal cord. |
neutrophil | a multilobed nucleus granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes. |
pancytopenia | a reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. |
plasma | the watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended. |
platelet | clotting cell; thrombocyte. |
prothrombin | plasma protein precursor of thrombin. |
reticulocyte | immature erythrocyte |
septicemia | systemic infection with pathogens are circulating in the bloodstream. |
seroconversion | change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine. |
serum | (blood serum). clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. Serum contains no blood cells, platelets or fibrinogen. |
splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen. |
thrombin | enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process. |
thrombocyte | clotting cell;platelet |
thrombocytopenia | abnormal hematologic condition with reduced number of platelets. |
thromboplastin | substance that initiates the clotting process. |
thrombus | clot |
AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
CML | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
mono. | monocyte |
lymph | lymphocyte |
acquired immunity | immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent(having had the disease or immunization). |
adenoids | masses of lymphatic tissue located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx. |
hypersensitivity | excessive reaction to a particular stimulus. |
immune reaction(response) | reaction that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens. |
lymph | interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood. |
lymphadenopathy | disorder of the lymph nodes or vesses. |
lymphocyte | agranulocytic leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow. |
macrophage | phagocytic cell in the defense against infection. |
natural immunity | genetic immunity |
phagocytosis | process of cell engulfing and destroying bacteria |
resistance | body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens. |
T cells | mature in the Thymus. important to the immune response. |
tonsils | lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring just under the mucous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of throat. |
lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
sarc/o | flesh |
CT(CAT) scan | collection of X-ray images taken from various angles. |
western blot | test that detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV. |
ELISA-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | test used for screening for an antibody to the AIDS virus. |
lymphangiogram | X-ray assessment of the lymphatic system |
ARC | AIDS-related complex |
AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
CMV | cytomegalovirus |
EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
Histo | histology |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
HSV | herpes simplex virus |
ITP | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
KS | Kaposi's sarcoma |
SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
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