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AH11109KC
Chapter 9 Medical Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agglutination | the clumping of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins. |
| albumin | a plasma protein. helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure |
| allergen | substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body. |
| allergy | hypersenstive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental. |
| anaphylaxis | an exaggerated life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen. |
| anisocytosis | an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size |
| antibodies | substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. |
| antigens | a substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody. |
| ascites | an abnormal intraperitoneal (within the peritoneal cavity)accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes. |
| Anemia | an(without) emia(blood condition) decrease in hemoglobin in the blood resulting in a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells. |
| Aplastic anemia | a(without) plast/o(formation) ic(pertaining to) aplastic anemia is a lack of formation of the blood elements. |
| MCH | Mean cell hemoglobin |
| Hemolytic anemia | hem/o(blood) lytic(destruction) hemolytic anemia is extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction. |
| MCV | Mean cell volume |
| Iron deficiency anemia | deficiency of hemoglobin level due to a lack of iron in the body. |
| VLDL | Very-low-density lipoprotein |
| Pernicious anemia | from a deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation and circulation of megaloblasts (large nucleated, immature, poorly functioning RBCs) with marked poikilocytosis (RBC shape variation) and anisocytosis(RBC size variation) |
| diff. diag | Differential diagnosis |
| Sickle cell anemia | chronic form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration |
| Granulocytosis | granul/o (granules) cyt/o (cell) –osis(condition) – abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection. |
| segs | Segmented neutrophils |
| Hemochromatosis | hem/o(blood) chromat/o(color) –osis(condition) – a rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemias. |
| IgA,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgM | Immunoglobulin A,D,E,G,M |
| Hemophilia | hem/o (blood) phil/o(attraction to)-ia(condition) involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times. |
| Hemophilia A | most common form, results in traumatic or spontaneous bleeding |
| Hemophilia B | Christmas disease, deficiency of a coagulation factor called factor IX. |
| Leukemia | leuk/o(white) –emia(blood condition) excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (decreased number of platelets) |
| Acute myelogenous leukemia | (AML) (immature granulocytes) |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia | (ALL) (immature lymphocytes) |
| Chronic myelogenous leukemia | (CML) (immature/mature granulocytes in bloodstream and bone marrow) |
| Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | (CLL) exceptional amounts of lymphocytes in the spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes that are abnormal, small and mature. |
| Multiple myeloma(plasma cell myeloma) | myel/o(bone marrow,spinal cord)-oma(tumor)A malignant plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma causes and increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells—which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure. |
| Polycythemia vera | poly(many)-cythemia(condition involving cells of the blood) and increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes—leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity (thickness) |
| Purpura | purpur/o(purple)-a(noun ending) a collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations. |
| Thalassemia | a hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBCs. |
| Direct antiglobulin test (Coomb’s test) | used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an Rh negative woman. |
| Bleeding time | time required for bleeding to stop. (the Ivy method) 1-9 minutes is normal. |
| Blood transfusion | an administration of blood or blood component to an individual. |
| Bone marrow biopsy | microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue, to reveal number, shape and size of RBCs and WBCs and platelet precursors. |
| Bone marrow transplant | a donor’s bone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the recipient. |
| Complete blood cell count | a series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which screens for problems in the hematologic system as well as several other organ systems |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood. |
| Hematocrit | RBC percentage in the total blood volume. |
| Hemoglobin | hem/o(blood) –globin(containing protein) test – measures concentration. Hemoglobin is needed to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| Lipid profile | measures the lipids in the bloods. |
| Partial thromboplastin time | to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body. |
| Platelet count | platelets per cubic millimeter of blood. |
| Prothrombin time | to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation. |
| Red blood cell count (RBC) | circulating number of RBCs in 1mm(to the third) of peripheral blood. |
| Red blood cell morphology | exam of the RBC on a stained blood smear in order to identify the form and shape of the RBCs. |
| Reticulocyte count | the number of immature erythrocytes in a blood specimen. |
| PA | Pernicious anemia |
| Rouleaux | aggregation of RBCs viewed through the microscope |
| AHF | Antihemophilic factor (blood coagulationfactor VIII) |
| Schilling test | analysis for pernicious anemia. |
| BMT | Bone marrow transplantation |
| White blood cell count (WBC) | circulating number of WBCs in 1mm(to the third) of peripheral blood. |
| eos. | eosinophil |
| White blood cell differential | percentage of each type of WBCs in 1mm(to the third) of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count. |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| Ab | antibody |
| Ag | antigen |
| ABO | Blood groups, A,AB, B and O |
| AHF | Antihemophilic factor (blood coagulationfactor VIII) |
| AHG | Antihemolytic globulin |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
| CLL | Cholesterol-lowering lipid chroniclymphocytic leukemia |
| PT | Prothrombin time |
| PTT | Partial thromboplastin time |
| Hbg | Hemoglobin (also Hgb) |
| basophil | a granulocytic white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye. |
| billirubin | orange-yellow pigment of bile formed by breakdown of hemoglobin in redblood cells. |
| coagulation | process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood. |
| corpuscle | any cell of the body;red or white blood cell. |
| differentiation | process in development when unspecialized cells or tissues are modified and altered to become specialized. |
| syscrasia | abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility. |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues. |
| electrophoresis | movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field. |
| enzyme | an organic substance that inititates and accelerates a chemical reaction. |
| eosinophil | a granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte larger than a neutrophil with large numbers of cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin. |
| erythremia | abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells. |
| erythroblast | immature red blood cell. |
| erythrocyte | mature red blood cell. |
| erythropoiesis | process of red blood cell production. |
| erythropoietin | hormone released into the blood stream in response to anoxia(lack of oxygen) |
| fibrin | stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot. |
| fibringen | plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions. |
| globulin | plsma protein made to help in the synthesis of antibodies. |
| granulocyte | type of leukocyte with cytoplasmic granules. |
| heme | pigmented, iron-containing, nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule. |
| hemoglobin | complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs. |
| hemolysis | breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin |
| hemostasis | to stop bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body. |
| heparin | naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body. |
| hyperalbuminemia | increased level of alumin in the blood. |
| hyperbilirubinemia | greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood. |
| hyperlipemia | excessive level of blood fats. |
| leukocytopenia | abnormal decrease in number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter. |
| megakaryocyte | extremely large bone marrow cell. |
| monocyte | large mononuclear leukocyte. |
| myeloid | pertaining to the bone marrow or the spinal cord. |
| neutrophil | a multilobed nucleus granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes. |
| pancytopenia | a reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. |
| plasma | the watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended. |
| platelet | clotting cell; thrombocyte. |
| prothrombin | plasma protein precursor of thrombin. |
| reticulocyte | immature erythrocyte |
| septicemia | systemic infection with pathogens are circulating in the bloodstream. |
| seroconversion | change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine. |
| serum | (blood serum). clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. Serum contains no blood cells, platelets or fibrinogen. |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen. |
| thrombin | enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process. |
| thrombocyte | clotting cell;platelet |
| thrombocytopenia | abnormal hematologic condition with reduced number of platelets. |
| thromboplastin | substance that initiates the clotting process. |
| thrombus | clot |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| CML | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| mono. | monocyte |
| lymph | lymphocyte |
| acquired immunity | immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent(having had the disease or immunization). |
| adenoids | masses of lymphatic tissue located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx. |
| hypersensitivity | excessive reaction to a particular stimulus. |
| immune reaction(response) | reaction that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens. |
| lymph | interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood. |
| lymphadenopathy | disorder of the lymph nodes or vesses. |
| lymphocyte | agranulocytic leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow. |
| macrophage | phagocytic cell in the defense against infection. |
| natural immunity | genetic immunity |
| phagocytosis | process of cell engulfing and destroying bacteria |
| resistance | body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens. |
| T cells | mature in the Thymus. important to the immune response. |
| tonsils | lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring just under the mucous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of throat. |
| lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
| lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| CT(CAT) scan | collection of X-ray images taken from various angles. |
| western blot | test that detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV. |
| ELISA-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | test used for screening for an antibody to the AIDS virus. |
| lymphangiogram | X-ray assessment of the lymphatic system |
| ARC | AIDS-related complex |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| CMV | cytomegalovirus |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| Histo | histology |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| ITP | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| KS | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
Created by:
kcannon
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