protons | particles w/ positive charge |
trace element | substance that presents in such small amount |
atom | smallest unit of an element that retains the charecteristic chemical properties of that element |
element | substance that can not be broken down into simpler subtance |
atomic structure | compose of smaller components called subatomic particles |
protons | located inside the nucleus of an atom |
neutrons | uncharge particles also located inside the nucleus |
neutrons | have the same mass as protons |
electrons | particles with negative charge |
eletrons | extremely small mass 1/8000 of mass of protons |
atomic number | # of protons/chemical identity of the atom |
mass number | total # of protons plus neutrons |
atomic number | # of protons plus neutrons |
energy level/electron shells | space surrounding the atomic nucleus where electrons are located |
chemical compounds | 2 or more different elements combine in fixed ratio |
chemical bonds | the attractive force that holds two atoms together |
mixture | combination of 2 or more substances that can separate by ordianry physical mean but still retain its original property |
solution | mixture in which the components particles remain evenly distributed |
solute | substance that is present in the smaller amount 4 being dissolve |
solvent | large amount of liquid/gas that does the dissolving |
suspension | mixture involving liquid settles unless they are continually shaken |
electrolytes | substance that break up/dissociate in solution to form charge particles that can conduct electric current |
acid | proton donor, sour taste, below 7 of pH scale |
base | proton acceptor, bitter taste, alkaline, above 7 of pH Scale |
buffer | solution that resist changes in pH when acid or base is added |
anions | negative charge ions |
cations | positive charge ions |
isotope | when element has different # of neutron they will have different atomic weight |
orgainic compound | large, complex compound containing carbon |
orbital | represent the place where most electrons probably found |
chemistry | the science that deals with the composition of matter and the changes that occur in that composition |
chemical symbols | abbreviations of an elememnt usually uses the first or first two letter of the chemical name |
chemical formula | shorthand method of describing a compound |
nucleus | center of atom |
valence shelf | orbital shell |
# proton | atomic # |
atomic weight | protons + neutrons |
pH scale | the scale indicating the strength of acid and base |
carbohydrate | quick energy 4kcal/gm |
monosaccharide | simplest carbohydrate (glucose) |
amino acid | building block of protein |
monosaccharide | building block of carbohydrate |
fatty acid and glycerol | building block of lipid |
nucleotides | building block of nucleic acid |
alpha | slow, weak penetrate power, can block with sheet of paper |
beta | more rapidly than alpha, penetrate deeper 4 more dangerous, use to treat cancer and tumors |
gamma | greatest penetrating power use in testing of nucleuar medicine and X-ray |
Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 | Rx needed for certain drug to ensure that drug package accurately with name and ingredients |
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 1937 | require new drug appication to submitted to gov. prior to marketing to ensure safety and efficacy |
orange book | rating system of code for therapeutic bioequivalence of generic drugs |
aluminum | Al |
barium | Ba |
baron | B |
calcium | Ca |
carbon | C |
chloride | Cl |
chromium | Cr |
copper | Cu |
fluorine | F |
gold | Au |
helium | He |
hydrogen | H |
iodine | I |
iron | Fe |
lead | Pb |
lithium | Li |
magnesium | Mg |
manganese | Mn |
mercury | Hg |
nitrogen | N |
oxygen | O |
phosphorus | P |
platinum | Pt |
potassium | K |
silver | Ag |
sodium | Na |
sulfur | S |
tin | Sn |
zinc | Zn |
potassium chloride | KCl |
magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2 |
sodium bicarbonate | NaHCO3 |
magnesuim sulfate | MgSO4 |
INDA | Investigational New Drug Application |
NDA | New Drug Application |
ANDA | Abbreviated New Drug Application |
protein | contain the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen |
triglycerides(TRG) | neutral fat |
therapeutic equivalence | generic treatment works the same as trad |