Question | Answer |
What are lower tract infections? | Urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis |
What are the upper tract infections? | Pyelonephritis, renal and perinephric abscesses |
What is the difference between complicated and uncomplicated UTI? | Uncomplicated - intact voiding mechanisms, most often females. Complicated - both sexes with functional/structural disease. |
What are the different pathways to infection? | 1)Ascending infection, 2)blood borne, 3)unresolved foci (prostate, kidney calculi), 4)fistulous communication (Crohns) |
What mechanisms deter bacterial growth? | 1)Flushing and diluting of urine, 2)normal vaginal flora 3)actibacterial properties of uroepithelium 4)acidiity, osmolality, prostatic secretions, urinary mucoproteins, IgA |
What are teh risk groups of UTI? | 1-3month boys, school age girls >> boys, young women>>men |
What are the risk factors for UTI? | 1)Gender 2)Sex 3)Spermicide/diaphragm 4)Obstruction 5)Vesicoureteral reflux 6)Genetic factors 7)Anal sex, no circumscisian 8) Age 9)Immunocompromised |
What are some of the etiologies of uncomplicated UTIs? | E coli, GnBs (Proteus, Klebs, Enterobacter), Staph Saprophyticus |
What are teh etiologies of uncomplicated UTIs? | GNBs, Psudomonas, Serratia, Enterococcus |
What are the clinical manifestations of cystitis? | Effecting women, dysuria, frequency, urgency, incontinence, lack of fever, suprapubic tenderness, hematuria |
What are the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis? | Fever, flank tenderness, rigors, nausea, vomitting |
What are 30-35% of nosocomial infections? | UTIs. Through catheters |
What are the ways to diagnose UTIs? | Catch urine during midstream. Urine/blood culture, microscopic hematuria |
When should you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria? | Preganncy or about to undergo operation |
What are the 2 routes of infection for renal and perinephric abscess? | Obstruction and Hematogenous. Don't forget you'd want to do a CT/ |
What is salpingitis? | Infection of endometrium falloian tubes. Develop infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. |