Question | Answer |
mouth | opening through which food passes into the body |
tongue | skeletal muscle, attached to the posterior region of the mouth |
palate | separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
soft palate | posterior portion, not supported by bone |
hard palate | anterior portion, supported by bone |
uvula | soft V-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate directs food in throat |
pharynx, throat | performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth in the esophagus |
esophagus | 10-inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to stomach |
stomach | J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food |
cardia | area around the opening of the esophagus |
fundus | proximal domed portion of the stomach |
body | central portion of the stomach, distal to the fundus |
antrum | distal portion of the stomach |
pylorus | portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
small intestine | 20-foot tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
duodenum | first! 10 to 12 inches of the small intestine |
jejunum | second! portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet |
ileum | third! portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long |
large intestine | approximately 5 feet long tube that extends from the ileum to the anus |
cecum | blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
colon | next portion of the large intestine. Four parts |
rectum | distal portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 long |
anus | sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract |
salivary glands | produce saliva, which flows into the mouith |
liver | produce bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats |
bile ducts | passageway that carry bile, coveys bile to the duodenum |
gallbladder | small, saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver |
pancreas | produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food secretes insulin |
peritoneum | serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
appendix | small pouch, which has no known function in digestion, attached to the cecum |
abdomen | portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
villi | tiny fingerlike projections that line the walls of the small intestine |
an/o | anus |
antr/o | antrum |
cec/o | cecum |
col/o, colon/o | colon (large intestine) |
duoden/o | duodenum |
enter/o | intestine (small intestine) |
esophag/o | esophagus |
gastr/o | stomach |
ile/o | ileum |
jejun/o | jejunum |
or/o, stomat/o | mouth |
proct/o, rect/o | rectum |
sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen, abdominal cavity |
append/o, appendic/o | appendix |
cheil/o | lip |
cholangi/o | bile duct |
chol/e | gall, bile |
choledoch/o | common bile duct |
diverticul/o | diverticulum, or blind pouch |
gingiv/o | gum |
gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
hepat/o | liver |
herni/o | hernia, or protrusion of an organ |
palat/o | palate |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
peritone/o | peritoneum |
polyp/o | polyp, small growth |
pylor/o | pylorus, pyloric sphincter |
sial/o | saliva, salivary gland |
steat/o | fat |
uvul/o | uvula |
hemi- | half |
-pepsia | digestion |
cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
proctoptosis | prolapse of the rectum |
adhesion | growing together of two peritoneal surfaces that normally are separated |
celiac disease | malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten |
cirrhosis | chronic disease of the liver with the destruction of cells and form scar tissue |
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus |
ileus | non-mechanical obstruction of the intestine |
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea or constipation |
polyp | tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane, usually benign |
colostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the colon |
gastrectomy | excision of the stomach |
hemicolectomy | excision of half of the colon |
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) | surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx |
colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon |
laparoscope | instrument used for the visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
proctoscopy | visual examination of the sigmoid |
upper GI (gastrointestinal) series | radiographic images taken after the contrast agent barium has been taken |
Helicobacter pylori | blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria |
anal | pertaining to the anus |
dysphagia | difficult swallowing |
oral | pertaining to the mouth |
stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue |
ascites | abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
emesis | expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth |
nausea | urge to vomit |
reflux | abnormal backward flow |
GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
GI | gastrointestinal |
H. pylori | Helicobacter pylori |
IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |