| Question | Answer |
| Describe platelets | -thrombocytes
-smallest formed elements found in the blood
-not true cells; fragments of cells
-initiate blood clotting
-hemostasis |
| Describe red blood cells | -shaped like a biconcave disks
-transports O2 and CO2
-most numerous circulating blood cells
-during erythropoiesis they decrease in size
-develop Hb/Hgb (gives them their red colour)
-Hb/Hgb carries O2 to body tissues and exchanges it for CO2 |
| Describe the spleen | -acts as a filter
-resembles a lymph node
-destroys old RBCs
-stores healthy blood cells |
| Describe the thymus | -responsible for cellular immunity
-transforms lymphocytes into T cells
-located in the mediastinum |
| Describe the tonsils | -masses of lymphatic tissue (palatine) located in the pharynx
-acts as a filter
-protect upper respiratory structures |
| Describe white blood cells | -protect body from pathogens
-remove debris from injured tissue
-aid in healing process
-diapedesis -phagocytic
-initiate inflammation and immune response
-granulocytes (granules) agranulocyte (without granule)
-migrate through capillaries & venules |
| List autoimmune diseases | -AIDS
-Allergies
-Myasthenia Gravis
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
-Thrombocytopenia
-Vasculitis
-Systemic lupus erthematosus |
| What is the function of histamines? | -initiate the inflammatory process by increasing blood flow |
| What are the two ducts of the lymph system? | -right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct |
| What are the four types of T cells? | -cytotoxic
-helper
-suppressor
-memory |
| What are the functions of the lymph system? | -maintain fluid balance
-transport lipids away from the GI system
-filter and remove unwanted infectious products |
| What is an allergy? | -acquired abnormal immune response |
| What is hemotology? | -the study of blood cells, blood-clotting mechanisms, bone marrow and lymph nodes |
| What is heparin? | -acts to prevent blood from clotting at the injury site |
| Where do blood cells develop from? | -stem cells |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body |
| hemosiderosis | abnormal increase of iron in the blood |
| leukocytosis | abnormal increase of white cells |
| lymphadenopathy | any disease of the lymph nodes |
| antiserum | blood serum that contains antibodies |
| megakaryocyte | cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets |
| pernicious anemia | chronic, progressive anemia due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 |
| phagocytosis | condition of ingesting cells |
| leukopenia | decrease in white blood cells |
| thrombolysis | destruction of a clot |
| hemolytic anemia | destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| adenopathy | disease of a gland |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| thymectomy | excision of the thymus gland |
| autoimmune disease | failure to the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self" |
| hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow |
| reticulocyte | immature RBC |
| folic-acid deficiency anemia | inability to produce sufficient RBCs |
| transfusion | infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another |
| sickle cell anemia | inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent or sick-shaped |
| iron-deficiency anemia | lack of sufficient iron in RBCs |
| monocyte | leukocyte that is phagocytic |
| eosinophil | leukocyte that protects by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders |
| basophil | leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin |
| hematoma | localized accumulation of blood |
| phlebotomy | obtaining blood for testing purposes |
| erythrocyte | mature red blood cell |
| immunologist | one who specializes in the study of protection |
| hypochromic | pertaining to decrease of colour |
| hemoglobin | plasma protein; carries O2 to body tissues |
| thrombocyte | platelet; initiates blood clotting |
| sepsis | presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning |
| antibody | protects against antigens |
| lymphocytes | provides protection from bacteria by producing antibodies |
| erythema | redness of the skin |
| anemia | reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells |
| myeloid | resembling bone marrow |
| aplastic anemia | serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure |
| antigen | substance recognized as harmful to the host |
| blood culture | test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream |
| plasma | the liquid portion of blood |
| neutophil | the most numerous WBC |
| morphology | the study of shape |
| viscous | thick, sticky |
| lymphoma | tumor of lymph tissue |
| granulocyte | type of WBC containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow |
| agranulocyte | type of white blood cell without granules |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| AB, Ab, ab | antibody, abortion |
| A, B, AB, O | blood types in ABO blood group |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| APC | antigen-presenting cell |
| APTT | activated partial thromboplastin time |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| diff | differential count |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| GVHD | graft-versus-host disease |
| eos | eosinophil |
| Hb, Hgb | hemoglobin |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| Igs | immunoglobulins |
| MNL | mononuclear leukocytes |
| NK cell | natural killer cell |
| PCP | pneumocystis pneumonia |
| PMNL, poly | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RBC, rbc | red blood cells |
| segs | segmented neutrophils |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| WBC, wbc | white blood cells |
