Question | Answer |
Describe platelets | -thrombocytes
-smallest formed elements found in the blood
-not true cells; fragments of cells
-initiate blood clotting
-hemostasis |
Describe red blood cells | -shaped like a biconcave disks
-transports O2 and CO2
-most numerous circulating blood cells
-during erythropoiesis they decrease in size
-develop Hb/Hgb (gives them their red colour)
-Hb/Hgb carries O2 to body tissues and exchanges it for CO2 |
Describe the spleen | -acts as a filter
-resembles a lymph node
-destroys old RBCs
-stores healthy blood cells |
Describe the thymus | -responsible for cellular immunity
-transforms lymphocytes into T cells
-located in the mediastinum |
Describe the tonsils | -masses of lymphatic tissue (palatine) located in the pharynx
-acts as a filter
-protect upper respiratory structures |
Describe white blood cells | -protect body from pathogens
-remove debris from injured tissue
-aid in healing process
-diapedesis -phagocytic
-initiate inflammation and immune response
-granulocytes (granules) agranulocyte (without granule)
-migrate through capillaries & venules |
List autoimmune diseases | -AIDS
-Allergies
-Myasthenia Gravis
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
-Thrombocytopenia
-Vasculitis
-Systemic lupus erthematosus |
What is the function of histamines? | -initiate the inflammatory process by increasing blood flow |
What are the two ducts of the lymph system? | -right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct |
What are the four types of T cells? | -cytotoxic
-helper
-suppressor
-memory |
What are the functions of the lymph system? | -maintain fluid balance
-transport lipids away from the GI system
-filter and remove unwanted infectious products |
What is an allergy? | -acquired abnormal immune response |
What is hemotology? | -the study of blood cells, blood-clotting mechanisms, bone marrow and lymph nodes |
What is heparin? | -acts to prevent blood from clotting at the injury site |
Where do blood cells develop from? | -stem cells |
edema | abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body |
hemosiderosis | abnormal increase of iron in the blood |
leukocytosis | abnormal increase of white cells |
lymphadenopathy | any disease of the lymph nodes |
antiserum | blood serum that contains antibodies |
megakaryocyte | cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets |
pernicious anemia | chronic, progressive anemia due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 |
phagocytosis | condition of ingesting cells |
leukopenia | decrease in white blood cells |
thrombolysis | destruction of a clot |
hemolytic anemia | destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice |
dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
adenopathy | disease of a gland |
vertigo | dizziness |
splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
thymectomy | excision of the thymus gland |
autoimmune disease | failure to the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self" |
hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow |
reticulocyte | immature RBC |
folic-acid deficiency anemia | inability to produce sufficient RBCs |
transfusion | infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another |
sickle cell anemia | inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent or sick-shaped |
iron-deficiency anemia | lack of sufficient iron in RBCs |
monocyte | leukocyte that is phagocytic |
eosinophil | leukocyte that protects by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders |
basophil | leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin |
hematoma | localized accumulation of blood |
phlebotomy | obtaining blood for testing purposes |
erythrocyte | mature red blood cell |
immunologist | one who specializes in the study of protection |
hypochromic | pertaining to decrease of colour |
hemoglobin | plasma protein; carries O2 to body tissues |
thrombocyte | platelet; initiates blood clotting |
sepsis | presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning |
antibody | protects against antigens |
lymphocytes | provides protection from bacteria by producing antibodies |
erythema | redness of the skin |
anemia | reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells |
myeloid | resembling bone marrow |
aplastic anemia | serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure |
antigen | substance recognized as harmful to the host |
blood culture | test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream |
plasma | the liquid portion of blood |
neutophil | the most numerous WBC |
morphology | the study of shape |
viscous | thick, sticky |
lymphoma | tumor of lymph tissue |
granulocyte | type of WBC containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow |
agranulocyte | type of white blood cell without granules |
leukocyte | white blood cell |
AB, Ab, ab | antibody, abortion |
A, B, AB, O | blood types in ABO blood group |
AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
ANA | antinuclear antibody |
APC | antigen-presenting cell |
APTT | activated partial thromboplastin time |
BMT | bone marrow transplant |
CBC | complete blood count |
CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
diff | differential count |
DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
GVHD | graft-versus-host disease |
eos | eosinophil |
Hb, Hgb | hemoglobin |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
Igs | immunoglobulins |
MNL | mononuclear leukocytes |
NK cell | natural killer cell |
PCP | pneumocystis pneumonia |
PMNL, poly | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
PMN | polymorphonuclear |
PT | prothrombin time |
PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
RBC, rbc | red blood cells |
segs | segmented neutrophils |
SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
WBC, wbc | white blood cells |