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Blood, Lymph & Immune Systems Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe platelets | -thrombocytes -smallest formed elements found in the blood -not true cells; fragments of cells -initiate blood clotting -hemostasis |
| Describe red blood cells | -shaped like a biconcave disks -transports O2 and CO2 -most numerous circulating blood cells -during erythropoiesis they decrease in size -develop Hb/Hgb (gives them their red colour) -Hb/Hgb carries O2 to body tissues and exchanges it for CO2 |
| Describe the spleen | -acts as a filter -resembles a lymph node -destroys old RBCs -stores healthy blood cells |
| Describe the thymus | -responsible for cellular immunity -transforms lymphocytes into T cells -located in the mediastinum |
| Describe the tonsils | -masses of lymphatic tissue (palatine) located in the pharynx -acts as a filter -protect upper respiratory structures |
| Describe white blood cells | -protect body from pathogens -remove debris from injured tissue -aid in healing process -diapedesis -phagocytic -initiate inflammation and immune response -granulocytes (granules) agranulocyte (without granule) -migrate through capillaries & venules |
| List autoimmune diseases | -AIDS -Allergies -Myasthenia Gravis -Rheumatoid Arthritis -Thrombocytopenia -Vasculitis -Systemic lupus erthematosus |
| What is the function of histamines? | -initiate the inflammatory process by increasing blood flow |
| What are the two ducts of the lymph system? | -right lymphatic duct -thoracic duct |
| What are the four types of T cells? | -cytotoxic -helper -suppressor -memory |
| What are the functions of the lymph system? | -maintain fluid balance -transport lipids away from the GI system -filter and remove unwanted infectious products |
| What is an allergy? | -acquired abnormal immune response |
| What is hemotology? | -the study of blood cells, blood-clotting mechanisms, bone marrow and lymph nodes |
| What is heparin? | -acts to prevent blood from clotting at the injury site |
| Where do blood cells develop from? | -stem cells |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body |
| hemosiderosis | abnormal increase of iron in the blood |
| leukocytosis | abnormal increase of white cells |
| lymphadenopathy | any disease of the lymph nodes |
| antiserum | blood serum that contains antibodies |
| megakaryocyte | cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets |
| pernicious anemia | chronic, progressive anemia due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 |
| phagocytosis | condition of ingesting cells |
| leukopenia | decrease in white blood cells |
| thrombolysis | destruction of a clot |
| hemolytic anemia | destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| adenopathy | disease of a gland |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| thymectomy | excision of the thymus gland |
| autoimmune disease | failure to the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self" |
| hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow |
| reticulocyte | immature RBC |
| folic-acid deficiency anemia | inability to produce sufficient RBCs |
| transfusion | infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another |
| sickle cell anemia | inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent or sick-shaped |
| iron-deficiency anemia | lack of sufficient iron in RBCs |
| monocyte | leukocyte that is phagocytic |
| eosinophil | leukocyte that protects by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders |
| basophil | leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin |
| hematoma | localized accumulation of blood |
| phlebotomy | obtaining blood for testing purposes |
| erythrocyte | mature red blood cell |
| immunologist | one who specializes in the study of protection |
| hypochromic | pertaining to decrease of colour |
| hemoglobin | plasma protein; carries O2 to body tissues |
| thrombocyte | platelet; initiates blood clotting |
| sepsis | presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning |
| antibody | protects against antigens |
| lymphocytes | provides protection from bacteria by producing antibodies |
| erythema | redness of the skin |
| anemia | reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells |
| myeloid | resembling bone marrow |
| aplastic anemia | serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure |
| antigen | substance recognized as harmful to the host |
| blood culture | test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream |
| plasma | the liquid portion of blood |
| neutophil | the most numerous WBC |
| morphology | the study of shape |
| viscous | thick, sticky |
| lymphoma | tumor of lymph tissue |
| granulocyte | type of WBC containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow |
| agranulocyte | type of white blood cell without granules |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| AB, Ab, ab | antibody, abortion |
| A, B, AB, O | blood types in ABO blood group |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| APC | antigen-presenting cell |
| APTT | activated partial thromboplastin time |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| diff | differential count |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| GVHD | graft-versus-host disease |
| eos | eosinophil |
| Hb, Hgb | hemoglobin |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| Igs | immunoglobulins |
| MNL | mononuclear leukocytes |
| NK cell | natural killer cell |
| PCP | pneumocystis pneumonia |
| PMNL, poly | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RBC, rbc | red blood cells |
| segs | segmented neutrophils |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| WBC, wbc | white blood cells |
Created by:
JessP
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