Question | Answer |
What are the five regions of the vertebral column? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral. Coccyx |
What are the four different types of bones? | Short, Irregular, Flat, Long |
What are the functions of bones? | Provide framework for body, Protect internal organs, Store calcium/other minerals, Produce blood cells, Provide points of attachments |
What are the functions of muscle? | Contribute to posture, Produce heat, Protect internal organs, Primarily movement |
What are the three different types of muscle? | Skeletal/voluntary/striated, Smooth/involuntary/visceral, Cardiac |
What are the three different types of ribs? | True, False, Floating |
What are the three divisions of the pelvis? | Ilium, Ischium, Pubis |
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | Bones of the upper/lower limbs, Shoulder/pectoral girdle, Pelvic/hip girdle |
What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | Skull, Rib cage, Vertebral column |
What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | Clavicle, Scapula |
What is a fontanel? | Unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones |
What is an orthopedics? | Physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
What is muscular dystrophy? | Genetic disorder, Gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
What is myasthenia gravis? | Neuromuscular disorder, Muscle weakness leads to loss of function |
What is rheumatoid arthritis? | Systemic disease, Results in crippling deformities |
periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone. |
tendon | A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone. |
lordosis | Abnormal inward curvature of the spine. |
scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. |
kyphosis | An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae. |
appendage | Any body part attached to a main structure. |
talipes | Any deformity of the foot; also called club foot. |
ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone. |
osteoporosis | Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density. |
sternum | Breast bone |
flexion | Decreases the angle of a joint. |
crepitation | Dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together. |
dorsiflexion | Elevates the foot |
laminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra. |
podiatry | Foot treatment |
diarthrosis | Freely movable joints |
synarthrosis | Immovable joints |
exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease. |
extension | Increases the angle of a joint. |
claudication | Lameness, limping |
cruciate ligament | Ligaments that form an X |
hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone |
plantar flexion | Lowers the foot |
bone mineral density | Measures bone density |
abduction | Moves away from the midline |
adduction | Moves closer to the midline |
inversion | Moves the sole of the foot inward |
eversion | Moves the sole of the foot outward |
strain | Muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch. |
subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation |
reduction | Procedure that restores bone to its normal position. |
hematopoiesis | Production and development of blood cells. |
arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space |
myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord |
open reduction | Reduction procedures that treats bone fractures using surgery. |
closed reduction | Reduction procedure that uses manipulation. |
muscular tissue | Refers to all contractile tissue of the body. |
amphiarthrosis | Slightly movable joints |
torticollis | Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle. |
ankylosis | Stiffening and immobility of a joint. |
sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue |
ilium | The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone. |
agonist | The muscle that produces the movement |
antagonist | The muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement. |
joint/articulation | The place at which two bones meet. |
pubis | The third portion of the hip bone. |
calcium supplements | Treat and prevents hypocalcemia. |
pronation | Turns the palm down |
supination | Turns the palm up |
ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
CT | computed tomography |
DJD | degenerative joint disease |
EMG | electromyography |
Fx | fracture |
IM | intramuscular |
IV | intravenous |
MS | musculoskeletal; Multiple Sclerosis |
NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
THA | total hip arthroplasty |
THR | total hip replacement |