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Green Module
Musculoskeletal Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five regions of the vertebral column? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral. Coccyx |
| What are the four different types of bones? | Short, Irregular, Flat, Long |
| What are the functions of bones? | Provide framework for body, Protect internal organs, Store calcium/other minerals, Produce blood cells, Provide points of attachments |
| What are the functions of muscle? | Contribute to posture, Produce heat, Protect internal organs, Primarily movement |
| What are the three different types of muscle? | Skeletal/voluntary/striated, Smooth/involuntary/visceral, Cardiac |
| What are the three different types of ribs? | True, False, Floating |
| What are the three divisions of the pelvis? | Ilium, Ischium, Pubis |
| What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | Bones of the upper/lower limbs, Shoulder/pectoral girdle, Pelvic/hip girdle |
| What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | Skull, Rib cage, Vertebral column |
| What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | Clavicle, Scapula |
| What is a fontanel? | Unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones |
| What is an orthopedics? | Physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
| What is muscular dystrophy? | Genetic disorder, Gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
| What is myasthenia gravis? | Neuromuscular disorder, Muscle weakness leads to loss of function |
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? | Systemic disease, Results in crippling deformities |
| periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone. |
| tendon | A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone. |
| lordosis | Abnormal inward curvature of the spine. |
| scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. |
| kyphosis | An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae. |
| appendage | Any body part attached to a main structure. |
| talipes | Any deformity of the foot; also called club foot. |
| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone. |
| osteoporosis | Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density. |
| sternum | Breast bone |
| flexion | Decreases the angle of a joint. |
| crepitation | Dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together. |
| dorsiflexion | Elevates the foot |
| laminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra. |
| podiatry | Foot treatment |
| diarthrosis | Freely movable joints |
| synarthrosis | Immovable joints |
| exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease. |
| extension | Increases the angle of a joint. |
| claudication | Lameness, limping |
| cruciate ligament | Ligaments that form an X |
| hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone |
| plantar flexion | Lowers the foot |
| bone mineral density | Measures bone density |
| abduction | Moves away from the midline |
| adduction | Moves closer to the midline |
| inversion | Moves the sole of the foot inward |
| eversion | Moves the sole of the foot outward |
| strain | Muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch. |
| subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation |
| reduction | Procedure that restores bone to its normal position. |
| hematopoiesis | Production and development of blood cells. |
| arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space |
| myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord |
| open reduction | Reduction procedures that treats bone fractures using surgery. |
| closed reduction | Reduction procedure that uses manipulation. |
| muscular tissue | Refers to all contractile tissue of the body. |
| amphiarthrosis | Slightly movable joints |
| torticollis | Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle. |
| ankylosis | Stiffening and immobility of a joint. |
| sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue |
| ilium | The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone. |
| agonist | The muscle that produces the movement |
| antagonist | The muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement. |
| joint/articulation | The place at which two bones meet. |
| pubis | The third portion of the hip bone. |
| calcium supplements | Treat and prevents hypocalcemia. |
| pronation | Turns the palm down |
| supination | Turns the palm up |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Fx | fracture |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IV | intravenous |
| MS | musculoskeletal; Multiple Sclerosis |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | total hip replacement |
Created by:
JessP
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