Cytokine | produced by | Major functions |
IL-1 | Monocytes; many other cell types | Produces fever; stimulates acute-phae protein synthesis; promotes prolif of Th2 cells |
IL-2 | Th0 and Th1 | T cell growth factor |
IL-3 | Th cells; NK cells, Mast cells | GF for hematopoietic cells |
IL-4 | Th2; CD4 +Tcells; mast cells | GF B cells, Th2 CD4+Tcells; promotes IgE an IgG synthesis; inhibits Th1 CD4+Tcells |
IL-5 | Th2; mast | stimulates B cell growth and immunoglobulin secretion; growth and differentiation factor eosinophils |
IL-6 | T cells ; many other | Induces acute-phase protein synthesis, T cell activation and IL-2 production;timulates B cell immunoglobulin roduation and hematopoietic progenitor cell growth |
Il-7 | Boe Marrow; tymic stromal cells; some T cells | Growth factor for pre-T and pre-B cells |
IL-9 | T cells | Mast cell activation |
IL-10 | Th2 cells; macrophages | Inhibits production of Th1 cells adn macrophage function |
IL-11 | Fibroblasts | Stimulates megakaryocyte growth |
IL-12 | B cells and macrophages | Activeates NK cells and promotes generation fo Th1 CD4+T cells |
IL-13 | T cells | Shares characteristics with IL-4 but does not effect T cells; GF for human B cells |
IL-14 | T cells | Involved in teh dvelopment of memory B cells |
IL-15 | T cells and epithelial cells | T cell GF; similar to IL-2 |
IL-16 | T cells, eosinophils, mast cells | Chemotactic for T cells; proinflammatory |
IL-17 | T cells | Induces proinflammatory cytoking secretion; promotes hematopoietic progenitor cell differentions |
IL-18 | Mphages; mcytes; dendritic cells; +++ | Induces IFN gamma production; enhances NK cell lytic activity |
IFN gamma | Th1 cells | Actives NK cells and macrophages; inhibits Th2 CD4+; induces expression of MHC class II on many cell types |
TGF beta | Lymphs, macs, platelets; masts | Enhances production of IgA; inhibits activation of monocte and T-cell subsets; active in fibroblast growth and wound healing |
TNF alpha | Macs, masts | Involved in inflammatory resonses; activates endothelial cell and other cell fo immune and nonimmune systems; induces fever and septic shock |
TNF-beta | T | Involved in inflammatory responses; also plays a role in killing target cells by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells |
GM-CSF | T, mono | Promotes growth of granulocytes and macrophages; growth of dendritic cells in vitro |
M-CSF | T, mono | Promotes macrophage growth |
G-CSF | T, mono | promotes granulocyte growth |