Question | Answer |
apex | tip of a conical structure |
body(corporis) | largest, most important part of an organ |
fornix | any vault-like or arched structure |
fundus | base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ (fundi) |
hilum | recess, exit, or entrance of a duct into a gland |
lumen | the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube |
sinus | a cavity or channel in a bone, a dilated channel for blood, or a cavity that permits the escape of pus material |
vestibule | a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal |
musculoskeletal sys. | support, movement, protection |
integumentary sys. | cover, protection |
gastrointestinal sys. | nutrition |
urinary sys. | elimination of nitrogenous waste |
reproductive sys. | reproduction |
blood/lymphatic/immune sys. | transportation of nutrients/waste, protection |
cardiovascular sys. | transportation of blood |
respiratory sys. | delivers oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide |
nervous/behavioral sys. | receive/process information |
special senses (eye, ear) | information gathering |
endocrine sys. | chemical messengers |
hemo/o, hemat/o | blood |
oste/o, osse/o | bone |
lys/o | breakdown/dissolve |
cyt/o, cellul/o | cell |
epitheli/o | epithelium |
adip/o | fat |
cardi/o | heart |
myocardi/o | heart muscle |
chym/o | juice |
my/o, muscul/o | muscle |
neur/o | nerve |
thel/o | nipple |
kary/o, nucle/o | nucleus |
organ/o, viscer/o | organ, viscera |
home/o | same |
strom/o | stroma |
system/o | system |
bol/o | to throw, throwing |
hist/o | tissue |
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen |
dors/o | back |
chondr/o | cartilage |
crani/o | cranium, skull |
diaphragmat/o, diaphragm/o, phren/o | diaphragm |
front/o, ventr/o | front |
inguin/o | groin |
ile/o, ili/o | ilium |
lumb/o | lower back |
mediastin/o | mediastinum |
viscer/o, organ/o | organ |
pelv/i, pelv/o | pelvis |
peritone/o | peritoneum |
pleur/o | pleura |
spin/o | spine |
stern/o | sternum |
gastr/o | stomach |
thorac/o | chest |
umbilic/o, omphal/o | umbilicus (navel) |
vertebr/o | vertebra |
pariet/o | wall |
ana- | up, apart, away |
cata- | down |
en- | in |
endo- | within |
epi | above, upon |
meta- | beyond, change |
para- | near, beside, normal |
-al, -ous | pertaining to |
-ia, -ism | condition, state of |
-on | structure |
-plasm | formation |
-some | body |
-stasis | controlling, stopping |
-um, -us | structure |
buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
cephalic | pertaining to the head |
cervical | pertaining to the neck |
cranial | pertaining to the skull |
facial | pertaining to the face |
frontal | pertaining to the front or forehead |
mental | pertaining to the chin |
nasal | pertaining to the nose |
ocular | pertaining to the eye |
oral | pertaining to the mouth |
otic | pertaining to the ear |
abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
axillary | pertaining to the armpits |
coxal | pertaining to the hip |
deltoid | pertaining to the deltoid muscle |
inguinal | pertaining to the groin |
mammary | pertaining to the breasts |
pelvic | pertaining to the pelvis |
pubic | pertaining to the pubis |
sternal | pertaining to the breastbone |
thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
umbilical | pertaining to the umbilicus (navel) |
antecubital | pertaining to the front of elbow |
brachial | pertaining to the arm |
antebrachial | pertaining to the forearm |
carpal | pertaining to the wrist |
crural | pertaining to the leg |
digital | pertaining to the fingers/toes |
femoral | pertaining to the thigh |
manual | pertaining to the hand |
palmar | pertaining to the palm |
patellar | pertaining to the kneecap |
pedal | pertaining to the foot |
plantar | pertaining to the sole of the foot |
tarsal | pertaining to the ankle |
acromial | pertaining to the acromion |
dorsal | pertaining to the back |
gluteal | pertaining to the buttocks |
lumbar | pertaining to the lower back |
nuchal | pertaining to the neck |
olecranla | pertaining to the elbow |
perineal | pertaining to the perineum |
popliteal | pertaining to the back of the knee |
sacral | pertaining to the sacrum |
scapular | pertaining to the scapula |
sural | pertaining to the calf |
vertebral | pertaining to the spine |
anterior | front |
ventral | belly/front side |
posterior | back |
dorsal | back of body |
superior | upward |
cephalad | toward the head |
inferior | downward |
caudad | toward the tail |
medial | middle, midline |
lateral | side |
ipsilateral | same side |
contralateral | opposite side |
unilateral | one side |
bilateral | two sides |
superficial | on the surface of the body (external) |
deep | away from the surface of the body (internal) |
proximal | near the origin |
distal | far from the origin |
dextrad | toward the right |
sinistrad | toward the left |
afferent | carrying toward a structure |
efferent | carrying away from a structure |
supine | lying on one's back |
prone | lying on one's belly |
epi- | above, upon |
hyper- | excessive, above |
hypo- | deficient, below |
mid- | middle |
trans- | through, across |
ant | anterior |
AP | anteroposterior |
CT | computed tomography |
inf | inferior |
lat | lateral |
LLQ | left lower quadrant |
LUQ | left upper quadrant |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
PA | posteroanterior |
PET | positron emission tomography |
pos | posterior |
RLQ | right lower quadrant |
RUQ | right upper quadrant |
sup | superior |
midsaggital plane | separates the body into equal right and left halves |
frontal (coronal) plane | separates the body into front and back |
transverse (cross-section) plane | separates the body horizontally into upper part and lower part |
oblique plane | separates the body at a slanted angle |