Question | Answer |
What are rugae? | folds in the stomach; secretes hydrochloric acid and enzymes |
What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
What are the four divisions of the colon? | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
What are the functions of the Liver? | Produce bile; Remove glucose from blood; Store vitamins B12, A, D, E, AND K; Destroy or transform toxic products; Maintain glucose levels; Destroy old RBCs; Synthesize proteins that circulate in the blood |
What are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum (1st 2-3"); Colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid); rectum |
What are the 3main parts of the stomach? | Fundas (upper portion); body (large central portion); pylorus (funnel-shaped portion) |
What are the 2 structures that form the roof of the mouth? | hard and soft palate |
what is the medical term for the mouth? | oral cavity |
What is another name for the GI Tract? | alimentary canal |
What are villi? | microscopic, finger-like projections in the small intestine (absorb nutrients) |
Where does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynx to the anus |
Where is digestion completed? | small intestine |
What is a volvolus? | A life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself |
What are hemorrhoids? | Enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal |
What causes Hepatitis A? | Ingestion of contaminated food, water or milk |
What is diverticulosis? | Small, blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
What is ulcerative colitis? | Chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum |
Where are ulcers commonly found? | stomach and duodenum |
Where do inguinal hernias develop? | In the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs |
Which large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | Ulcerative colitis |
Ba | Barium |
BaE, BE | Barium Enema |
BM | Bowel Movement |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
CT | Computed Tomography |
EGD | EsophagoGastroDuodenoscopy |
ERCP | Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography |
GB | GallBladder |
GERD | GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease |
GI | GastroIntestinal |
HBV | Hepatitis B Virus |
IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
LFT | Liver Function Tests |
PE | Physical Examination |
PMH | Past Medical History |
PUD | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
R/O | Rule Out |
RGB | Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass |
STAT | immediately |
ulcer | A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach |
occult blood | A test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding |
ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
hernia | Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it |
deglutition | Act of swallowing |
gall bladder | An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine |
pancreas | An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion |
regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
mastication | Chewing |
fecalith | Fecal concretion |
cecum | First 2-3" of the large intestine |
ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver |
cholelithiasis | Formation of gallstones |
flatus | Gas in the GI tract |
ulcerative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine |
stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of (or?) the stomach |
anorexia | Lack of or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
rectum | Last portion of the GI tract |
ileum | Lower division of the small intestine |
serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
halitosis | Offensive or "bad" breath |
proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum and anus |
Melena | Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen |
buccal | Pertaining to the cheek |
lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a strone |
eructation | Producing gas from the stomach |
peristalsis | Progressive, wave-like movement |
upper GI series | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine |
lower GI series | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon |
cholecystography(/gram) | Radiographic record of the gallbladder |
borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling stomach noises, that are audible at a distance |
cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
jejunum | Second division of the small intestine |
transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen |
obstipation | Severe constipation |
pyloric stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall |
ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall |
cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip |
aerophagia | Swallowing air |
liver | The largest glandular organ |
diarrhea | The passage of unformed, watery bowel movements |
ingest | To eat |
hematemesis | Vomiting of blood |
malabsorption | When nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues |
(oral) leukoplakia | White patches that form on the tongue, lips or cheek |