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GastroIntestinal Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are rugae? | folds in the stomach; secretes hydrochloric acid and enzymes |
| What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| What are the four divisions of the colon? | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
| What are the functions of the Liver? | Produce bile; Remove glucose from blood; Store vitamins B12, A, D, E, AND K; Destroy or transform toxic products; Maintain glucose levels; Destroy old RBCs; Synthesize proteins that circulate in the blood |
| What are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum (1st 2-3"); Colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid); rectum |
| What are the 3main parts of the stomach? | Fundas (upper portion); body (large central portion); pylorus (funnel-shaped portion) |
| What are the 2 structures that form the roof of the mouth? | hard and soft palate |
| what is the medical term for the mouth? | oral cavity |
| What is another name for the GI Tract? | alimentary canal |
| What are villi? | microscopic, finger-like projections in the small intestine (absorb nutrients) |
| Where does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynx to the anus |
| Where is digestion completed? | small intestine |
| What is a volvolus? | A life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself |
| What are hemorrhoids? | Enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal |
| What causes Hepatitis A? | Ingestion of contaminated food, water or milk |
| What is diverticulosis? | Small, blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
| What is ulcerative colitis? | Chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum |
| Where are ulcers commonly found? | stomach and duodenum |
| Where do inguinal hernias develop? | In the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs |
| Which large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | Ulcerative colitis |
| Ba | Barium |
| BaE, BE | Barium Enema |
| BM | Bowel Movement |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| EGD | EsophagoGastroDuodenoscopy |
| ERCP | Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography |
| GB | GallBladder |
| GERD | GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease |
| GI | GastroIntestinal |
| HBV | Hepatitis B Virus |
| IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
| LFT | Liver Function Tests |
| PE | Physical Examination |
| PMH | Past Medical History |
| PUD | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
| R/O | Rule Out |
| RGB | Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass |
| STAT | immediately |
| ulcer | A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach |
| occult blood | A test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding |
| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| hernia | Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it |
| deglutition | Act of swallowing |
| gall bladder | An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine |
| pancreas | An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion |
| regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
| mastication | Chewing |
| fecalith | Fecal concretion |
| cecum | First 2-3" of the large intestine |
| ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver |
| cholelithiasis | Formation of gallstones |
| flatus | Gas in the GI tract |
| ulcerative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine |
| stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of (or?) the stomach |
| anorexia | Lack of or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
| rectum | Last portion of the GI tract |
| ileum | Lower division of the small intestine |
| serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
| halitosis | Offensive or "bad" breath |
| proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum and anus |
| Melena | Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
| steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
| celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen |
| buccal | Pertaining to the cheek |
| lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a strone |
| eructation | Producing gas from the stomach |
| peristalsis | Progressive, wave-like movement |
| upper GI series | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine |
| lower GI series | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon |
| cholecystography(/gram) | Radiographic record of the gallbladder |
| borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling stomach noises, that are audible at a distance |
| cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
| jejunum | Second division of the small intestine |
| transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen |
| obstipation | Severe constipation |
| pyloric stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
| enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall |
| ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall |
| cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip |
| aerophagia | Swallowing air |
| liver | The largest glandular organ |
| diarrhea | The passage of unformed, watery bowel movements |
| ingest | To eat |
| hematemesis | Vomiting of blood |
| malabsorption | When nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues |
| (oral) leukoplakia | White patches that form on the tongue, lips or cheek |
Created by:
deyoht_kwa
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