Question | Answer |
Describe clean midstream urine. | aka: clean catch urine, sterile container, used for C & S, special instructions, must refrigerate after 20 minute. |
Describe early morning specimen. | more uniform volume and concentration, lower pH preserves formed elements, diagnose and monitor pregnancies |
Describe the ureters. | merge from the renal pelvis, long slender tubes 10-12 inches, carries urine the kidneys to the bladder |
Describe timed urine collection. | 24 hour collection of urine, quantitative test, provides info about cumulative elements |
What are the functions of the nephron? | filteration
reabsorption
secretion |
What are the macroscopic structure of the urinary system? | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
What are the two types of ATN? | ischemic (acute tubular necrosis)
nephrotoxic (acute tubular necrosis) |
What carries blood to the glomerulus? What carries blood away from the glomerulus? | afferent arteriole (to)
efferent arteriole (away) |
What does the renal tubule consist of? | proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting tubule |
What forms the ejaculatory duct? | seminal vesicle and vas deferens |
What is BPH? | (benign prostatic hyperplasia) enlargement of the prostate gland |
What is ESWL? | (extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy) calculi are pulverized using shock-waves from a machine outside the body |
What is the function of the prostate gland? | it secretes a thin, alkaline substance that protects the sperm of acidity in the urethra and vagina |
Where are the kidneys located? | abdominopelvic cavity, retroperitoneal |
Where is sperm produced? | seminiferous tubules |
epididymis | A single, tightly coiled tube above each testis that stores sperm. |
nephrotomography | A study in which several planes of the kidney are visualized. |
bladder | An expandable hollow organ; temporary reservoir for urine. |
hematuria | Blood in the urine. |
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) | Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders. |
renal artery | Carries waste laden blood to the tubules. |
calculi | Commonly called stones; composed of mineral salts. |
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea. |
culture and sensitivity (C&S) | Determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics. |
urinary system | Eliminates harmful products in the blood and filters them through urination. |
gynecomastia | Enlargement of breast tissue in the male. |
cryptorchidism | Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac prior to birth. |
nephrons | Filtering units located in the kidney tissue. |
kidneys | Fist-sized organs in the abdominal cavity. |
nephropexy | Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney. |
impotence | Inability of a male to obtain or maintain an erection. |
incontinence | Inability to control urine elimination or bowel function. |
balanitis | Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis. |
polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys. |
foreskin | Loose skin covering the end of the penis. |
dialysis hemodialysis | Mechanical removal of waste substances from the blood. |
electrolytes | Mineral salt (sodium, potassium or calcium) that carries an electrical charge. |
prostatocystalgia | Pain in the prostate and bladder. |
dysuria | Painful urination. |
residual | Pertaining to that which is left as a residue. |
renal | Pertaining to the kidney. |
nephrolithiasis | Presence of a kidney stone. |
nitrogenous waste | Product of protein metabolism. |
diuretics | Promote and increase the excretion of urine. |
pyuria | Pus in the urine. |
pyelolithotomy | Removal of a stone from the renal pelvis by an incision. |
curcumcision | Removal of the foreskin. |
vasectomy | Removal of the vas deferens. |
kidney transplant | Replacement of a diseased kidney. |
urgency | Sensation of the need to void immediately. |
peritoneum | Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. |
phimosis | Stenosis of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted over the glans penis. |
renal vein | Structure which carries blood away from the kidney. |
varicocele | Swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord. |
hydrocele | Swelling of the sac surrounding the testes. |
ejaculation | The expulsion of seminal fluid. |
sperm | The male gamete. |
hypospadias | The opening of the urethra is on the undersurface of the penis. |
calyx | The cuplike division of the kidney pelvis. |
excretion | The process of expelling material from the body. |
catheterization | To insert a catheter into a cavity to remove body fluid. |
uremia | Toxic condition of nitrogenous wastes in the blood. |
urochrome | Urine colour. |
urinalysis (UA) | Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests and microscopic evaluation. |
micturition | Voiding. |
acute glomerulonephritis | AGN |
artificial insemination | AI |
acute renal failure | ARF |
acute tubular necrosis | ATN |
bladder neck obstruction | BNO |
blood urea nitrogen | BUN |
culture and sensitivity | C&S |
catheterization | Cath |
digital rectal exam | DRE |
erectile dysfunction | ED |
end-stage renal disease | ESRD |
hemodialysis | HD |
interstitial cystitis | IC |
intravenous pyelogram | IVP |
polycystic kidney disease | PKD |
prostate specific antigen | PSA |
specific gravity | sp. gr. |
transurethral resection of the prostate | TURP |
urinalysis | UA |
urinary tract infection | UTI |