Question | Answer |
What are the five regions of the vertebrae column? | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
What are the four types of bones? | short, irregular, flat, long |
What are the functions of the bones? | framework for body, protect internal organs, store calcium and minerals, produce blood cells, and provide points of attachment |
What are the functions of muscle? | contribute posture, produce heat, protect internal organs, primarily movement |
What are three different types of Muscle? | skeletal/voluntary/striated, cardiac, smooth/involuntary/visceral |
What are the three different types of ribs? | true, false, floating |
What are three divisions of the pelvis? | ilium, ischium and pubis |
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | bones of the upper /lower limbs, shoulder/pectoral girdle and pelvic/hip girdle |
What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | skull, rib cage, vertebrae column |
What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | clavicle (collar bone), scapula (shoulder blade) |
What is a fontanel? | unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones |
What is an orthopedist? | physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
What is muscular dystrophy? | genetic disorder, gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
What is myasthenia gravis? | neuromuscular disorder, muscles weakness, leads to loss of function |
What is rheumatoid arthritis? | systemic disorder, results in crippling deformities of joints and bone. |
periosteum | dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone |
tendon | strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone |
lordosis | abnormal inward curvature of the spine ( occurs in pregnant women and obese people.) |
scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (bent like question mark) |
kyphosis | an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae (hump or hunch back) |
appendage | any body part attached to a main structure |
talipes | any deformity of the foot also called club foot |
ligament | band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
osteoporosis | bone pores or cavities resulting from a disease in bone density |
sternum | breast bone |
flexion | decrease the angle of a joint |
crepitation | dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together |
dorsiflexion | elevates the foot |
laminectomy | excision of the posterior arc of a vertabrae |
podiatry | foot treatment |
diarthrosis | freely moveable joints |
synarthroses/synarthosis | immovable joints |
exacerbation | increase in severity of a disease |
extension | increase the angle of a joint |
claudication | lameness, limping |
cruciate ligament | ligaments that form an X |
hypotonia | loss of muscular tone |
plantar flexion | lowers the foot |
BMD bone mineral density | measures bone density |
abduction | moves away from the midline |
adduction | moves closer to the midline |
inversion | moves the sole of the foot inward |
eversion | moves the sole of the foot outward |
strain | muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch |
subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation |
reduction | procedure that restores bone to its normal position |
hematopoiesis | production and development of blood cells |
arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint space |
myelography | radiography of the spinal cord |
open reduction | reduction procedure that treats bone fractures using surgery |
closed reduction | reduction procedure that uses manipulation |
muscular tissue | refers to all contractile tissue of the body |
amphiarthroses/amphiarthrosis | slightly moveable joints |
torticollis | stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle |
ankylosis | stiffening and immobility of a joint |
sprain | tearing of ligament tissue |
ilium | the lateral flaring portion of the hip bone (top) |
ischium | lower portion of the hip bone |
agonist | muscle that produces the movement |
antagonist | muscle that relaxes in order to allow movememt |
joint/articulation | the place at which two bones meet |
pubis | the third portion of the hipbone |
calcium supplements | treatment and prevention of hypocalcemia |
pronation | turns palm down (propine-face down) |
supination | turns palm up (supine-on back) |
ACL | anterior cruciate ligaments |
CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
CT | computed tomography |
DJD | degenerated joint disease |
EMG | electromyography |
Fx | fracture |
IM | intramuscular |
IV | intravenous |
MS | musculoskeletal, multiple sclerosis |
NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
THA | total hip arthroplasty |
THR | total hip replacement |