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Green Module
Exam Review- Musculoskeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five regions of the vertebrae column? | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
| What are the four types of bones? | short, irregular, flat, long |
| What are the functions of the bones? | framework for body, protect internal organs, store calcium and minerals, produce blood cells, and provide points of attachment |
| What are the functions of muscle? | contribute posture, produce heat, protect internal organs, primarily movement |
| What are three different types of Muscle? | skeletal/voluntary/striated, cardiac, smooth/involuntary/visceral |
| What are the three different types of ribs? | true, false, floating |
| What are three divisions of the pelvis? | ilium, ischium and pubis |
| What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | bones of the upper /lower limbs, shoulder/pectoral girdle and pelvic/hip girdle |
| What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | skull, rib cage, vertebrae column |
| What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | clavicle (collar bone), scapula (shoulder blade) |
| What is a fontanel? | unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones |
| What is an orthopedist? | physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
| What is muscular dystrophy? | genetic disorder, gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
| What is myasthenia gravis? | neuromuscular disorder, muscles weakness, leads to loss of function |
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? | systemic disorder, results in crippling deformities of joints and bone. |
| periosteum | dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone |
| tendon | strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone |
| lordosis | abnormal inward curvature of the spine ( occurs in pregnant women and obese people.) |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (bent like question mark) |
| kyphosis | an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae (hump or hunch back) |
| appendage | any body part attached to a main structure |
| talipes | any deformity of the foot also called club foot |
| ligament | band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
| osteoporosis | bone pores or cavities resulting from a disease in bone density |
| sternum | breast bone |
| flexion | decrease the angle of a joint |
| crepitation | dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together |
| dorsiflexion | elevates the foot |
| laminectomy | excision of the posterior arc of a vertabrae |
| podiatry | foot treatment |
| diarthrosis | freely moveable joints |
| synarthroses/synarthosis | immovable joints |
| exacerbation | increase in severity of a disease |
| extension | increase the angle of a joint |
| claudication | lameness, limping |
| cruciate ligament | ligaments that form an X |
| hypotonia | loss of muscular tone |
| plantar flexion | lowers the foot |
| BMD bone mineral density | measures bone density |
| abduction | moves away from the midline |
| adduction | moves closer to the midline |
| inversion | moves the sole of the foot inward |
| eversion | moves the sole of the foot outward |
| strain | muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation |
| reduction | procedure that restores bone to its normal position |
| hematopoiesis | production and development of blood cells |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint space |
| myelography | radiography of the spinal cord |
| open reduction | reduction procedure that treats bone fractures using surgery |
| closed reduction | reduction procedure that uses manipulation |
| muscular tissue | refers to all contractile tissue of the body |
| amphiarthroses/amphiarthrosis | slightly moveable joints |
| torticollis | stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle |
| ankylosis | stiffening and immobility of a joint |
| sprain | tearing of ligament tissue |
| ilium | the lateral flaring portion of the hip bone (top) |
| ischium | lower portion of the hip bone |
| agonist | muscle that produces the movement |
| antagonist | muscle that relaxes in order to allow movememt |
| joint/articulation | the place at which two bones meet |
| pubis | the third portion of the hipbone |
| calcium supplements | treatment and prevention of hypocalcemia |
| pronation | turns palm down (propine-face down) |
| supination | turns palm up (supine-on back) |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligaments |
| CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DJD | degenerated joint disease |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Fx | fracture |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IV | intravenous |
| MS | musculoskeletal, multiple sclerosis |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | total hip replacement |
Created by:
amatt
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