| Question | Answer |
| What are the five regions of the vertebral column? | 7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 fused sacrum
4 fused coccyx |
| What are the four different types of bones? | long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones |
| What are the functions of bones? | -provide framework of the body
-protect internal organs
-store calcium/other minerals
-produce blood cells (hematopoiesis)
-provide points of attachment |
| What are the functions of muscle? | -contribute to posture
-provide heat
-protect internal organs
-primarily movement |
| What are the three different types of muscle? | smooth/voluntary/striated muscles
cardiac muscles
skeletal/voluntary/striated muscles |
| What are the three different types of ribs? | 7 true ribs
3 false ribs
2 floating ribs |
| What are the three divisions of the pelvis? | ilium
ischium
pubis |
| What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | -bone of the upper and lower limbs
-shoulder/pectoral girdle
-pelvic/hip girdle |
| What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | skull
vertebral column
rib cage |
| What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | clavicle
scapula |
| What is a fontanel? | -unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones of an infant |
| What is an orthopedist? | physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
| What is muscular dystrophy? | -genetic disease
-gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
| What is myasthenia gravis? | -neurological disorder
-muscle weakness, leads to loss of function |
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? | -systemic disease
-results in crippling deformities |
| A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone | periosteum |
| A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone | tendon |
| Abnormal inward curvature of the spine | lordosis |
| Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine | scoliosis |
| An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae | kyphosis |
| Any body part attached to a main structure | appendage |
| Any deformity of the foot; also called club foot | talipes equinovarus |
| Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone | ligament |
| Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density | osteoporosis |
| Breast bone | sternum |
| Decrease the angle of a joint | flexion |
| Dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together | crepitation |
| Elevates the foot | dorsiflexion |
| Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra | laminectomy |
| Foot treatment | podiatry |
| Freely moveable joints | diarthrosis |
| Immoveable joints | synarthrosis |
| Increase in severity of a disease | exacerbation |
| Increases the angle of a joint | extension |
| lameness, limping | claudication |
| Ligaments that form an X | cruciate ligaments |
| Loss of muscular tone | hypotonia |
| Lowers the foot | plantar flexion |
| Measures bone density | mineral bone density test |
| Moves away from the midline | abduction |
| Moves closer to the midline | adduction |
| Moves the sole of the foot inward | inversion |
| Moves the sole of the foot outward | eversion |
| Muscular trauma caused by a violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch | strain |
| Partial or incomplete dislocation | subluxation |
| Procedure that restores bone to its normal position | reduction |
| Production and development of blood cells | hematopoiesis |
| Puncture of a joint space | arthrocentesis |
| Radiography of the spinal cord | myelography |
| Reduction procedure which treats fractures using surgery | open reduction |
| Reduction surgery which uses manipulation | closed reduction |
| Refers to all contractile tissue of the body | muscular tissue |
| Slightly moveable joints | amphiarthrosis |
| Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle | torticollis |
| Stiffening and immobility of a joint | ankylosis |
| Tearing of ligament tissue | sprain |
| The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone | ilium |
| The lower part of the hip bone | ischium |
| The muscle that produces the movement | agonist |
| The muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement | antagonist |
| The place at which two bones meet | articulation (joint) |
| The third portion of the hip bone | pubis |
| Treat and prevent hypocalcemia | calcium supplements |
| Turns the palms down | pronation |
| Turns the palms up | supination |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Fx | fracture |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IV | intravenous |
| MS | musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | total hip replacement |
