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Green Module
Musculoskeletal Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the five regions of the vertebral column? | 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 fused sacrum 4 fused coccyx |
What are the four different types of bones? | long bones short bones flat bones irregular bones |
What are the functions of bones? | -provide framework of the body -protect internal organs -store calcium/other minerals -produce blood cells (hematopoiesis) -provide points of attachment |
What are the functions of muscle? | -contribute to posture -provide heat -protect internal organs -primarily movement |
What are the three different types of muscle? | smooth/voluntary/striated muscles cardiac muscles skeletal/voluntary/striated muscles |
What are the three different types of ribs? | 7 true ribs 3 false ribs 2 floating ribs |
What are the three divisions of the pelvis? | ilium ischium pubis |
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | -bone of the upper and lower limbs -shoulder/pectoral girdle -pelvic/hip girdle |
What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | skull vertebral column rib cage |
What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | clavicle scapula |
What is a fontanel? | -unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones of an infant |
What is an orthopedist? | physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
What is muscular dystrophy? | -genetic disease -gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
What is myasthenia gravis? | -neurological disorder -muscle weakness, leads to loss of function |
What is rheumatoid arthritis? | -systemic disease -results in crippling deformities |
A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone | periosteum |
A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone | tendon |
Abnormal inward curvature of the spine | lordosis |
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine | scoliosis |
An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae | kyphosis |
Any body part attached to a main structure | appendage |
Any deformity of the foot; also called club foot | talipes equinovarus |
Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone | ligament |
Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density | osteoporosis |
Breast bone | sternum |
Decrease the angle of a joint | flexion |
Dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together | crepitation |
Elevates the foot | dorsiflexion |
Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra | laminectomy |
Foot treatment | podiatry |
Freely moveable joints | diarthrosis |
Immoveable joints | synarthrosis |
Increase in severity of a disease | exacerbation |
Increases the angle of a joint | extension |
lameness, limping | claudication |
Ligaments that form an X | cruciate ligaments |
Loss of muscular tone | hypotonia |
Lowers the foot | plantar flexion |
Measures bone density | mineral bone density test |
Moves away from the midline | abduction |
Moves closer to the midline | adduction |
Moves the sole of the foot inward | inversion |
Moves the sole of the foot outward | eversion |
Muscular trauma caused by a violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch | strain |
Partial or incomplete dislocation | subluxation |
Procedure that restores bone to its normal position | reduction |
Production and development of blood cells | hematopoiesis |
Puncture of a joint space | arthrocentesis |
Radiography of the spinal cord | myelography |
Reduction procedure which treats fractures using surgery | open reduction |
Reduction surgery which uses manipulation | closed reduction |
Refers to all contractile tissue of the body | muscular tissue |
Slightly moveable joints | amphiarthrosis |
Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle | torticollis |
Stiffening and immobility of a joint | ankylosis |
Tearing of ligament tissue | sprain |
The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone | ilium |
The lower part of the hip bone | ischium |
The muscle that produces the movement | agonist |
The muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement | antagonist |
The place at which two bones meet | articulation (joint) |
The third portion of the hip bone | pubis |
Treat and prevent hypocalcemia | calcium supplements |
Turns the palms down | pronation |
Turns the palms up | supination |
ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
CT | computed tomography |
DJD | degenerative joint disease |
EMG | electromyography |
Fx | fracture |
IM | intramuscular |
IV | intravenous |
MS | musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis |
NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
THA | total hip arthroplasty |
THR | total hip replacement |