Term | Definition |
First Estate | Clergy - Made up about 1% of the French population, owned 10% of land. Did not pay the taille |
Second Estate | Nobles - made up about 2 % of the French population, owned 25% of the land. Did not pay the taille |
Third Estate | Peasants, artisans, bourgeoisie - made up about 97% of the population, owned 65% of the land. Only estate to pay the taille |
Taille | Chief tax of France - did not have to be paid by the 1st and 2nd estates |
Bourgeoisie | Middle Class |
Marie Antoinette | Queen of France whose lifestyle caused resentment toward the monarchy of France |
Louis XVI | Absolute ruler of France who was removed from power and executed during the French Revolution |
Declaration of the Rights of Man | Document French Revolution that borrowed heavily from Locke, Montesquieu and Rousseau. Key ideas: All men equal before the law, free speech, religion and press |
Reign of Terror | Period of the French Revolution where the radical Jacobins sought out enemies within France and executed suspected enemies (often with the guillotine) |
Jacobins | Extreme radicals of the French Revolution. Led by Robespierre, they launch the Reign of Terror |
Robespierre | Leader of the Jacobins who initiated the Reign of Terror |
Russia | Napoleon's decision to invade this country proved disastrous as the harsh winter decimated his army. |
Napoleon | French general, who became emperor of France, adopts some Enlightenment ideas with Napoleonic Code. |
Nationalism | Pride in your nation or group OR the desire to limit foreign influence OR the desire for independence from outside rule. |
Congress of Vienna | Group organized to restore order to Europe following Napoleonic Wars. Goals: Peace, Compensation, Legitimacy, Balance of Power |
Balance of Power | ensuring no one nation becomes too powerful. A goal of the Congress of Vienna. |