Question | Answer |
peristalsis | movement of food particles through the digestive tract |
absorption | third function, digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into blood or lymph capillaries |
alimentation | process of providing nourishment or nutrition |
DRI | dietary reference intake |
amylo | starch |
bili | bile or gall |
chole | bile or gall |
glyco | sugar |
-dipsia | thirst |
-orexia | appetite |
-pepsia | digestion |
-stalsis | contraction |
amylolysis | starch converted into sugar |
lipoid | resembling fats |
lipase | breaks down lipids |
amylase | enzyme that breaks down starch |
proteinase or protease | enzyme that breaks down protein |
-oid | resembling |
membrane that secretes mucus | mucous |
mucosa | same as a mucous membrane |
cholecysto | gallbladder |
choledocho | common bile duct |
hepato | liver |
sialadeno | salivary glands |
entero | small intestine or intestines in general |
intestino | intestine in general |
colo | large intestine |
colono | large intestine |
ano | anus |
enteral | within, by way of, or pertaining to the small intestine |
colic | pertaining to the large intestine |
rectum | lower part of the large intestine |
anus | outlet of the rectum |
bucco | cheek |
cheilo | lip |
gingivo | gums |
glosso | tounge |
linguo | tounge |
sialo | saliva, salivary glands |
sialadeno | salivary gland |
vago | vagus nerve |
endodontium | aka dental pulp, soft tissue inside the tooth |
periodontium | tissue investing and supporting the teeth |
parotid gland | largest salivary glands near the ears |
-id | means either having the shape of or a structure |
submandibular glands are located | in the tissue of the mandible rather than beneath |
duodenum | first part of the large intestine |
mucosa that lines the stomach is arranged in temporary folds called | rugae |
ruga | means ridge, wrinkle or fold |
serosa | outer layer of the stomach |
innermost membrane of the small intestine | mucosa, contains villi |
villi | fingerlike projections, function to absorb nutrients |
jejunum | joins the ileum |
ileum | distal portion of the small intestine |
ceco | cecum |
procto | anum, rectum |
sigmoido | sigmoid colon |
cecum | forms the first portion of the large intestine and located distal to the ileum |
vermiform appendix | wormlike structure, opens into the cecum |
appendicular | pertaining to the appendage or vermiform appendix |
sigmoid colon | last parto of the colon |
defecation | elimination of feces |
proctologist | specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum and anus |
major function of the liver is | production of bile |
glucagon | increases blood glucose levels |
insulin | decreases blood glucose levels |
cholangiography | radiology of the major bile ducts and is useful in demonstrating gallstones and tumors |
hematochezia | presence of blood in the stool |
occult blood | blood that cannot be seen but can be detected by a chemical test |
anorexia | lack or loss of appetite |
anorexia nervosa | sometimes life-threatening illness that is self induced starvation |
emaciation | excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition |
dyspepsia | faulty or painful digestion |
dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
eructation | belching; that results from drawing air up from the stomach and expelling it through the mouth |
hematemesis | vomiting blood, indicates upper GI bleeding |
aphagia | inability to swallow, result of an organic or psychological cause |
stomatomycosis | fungal condition of the mouth |
candida albicans | yeast type of fungus that is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity |
glossopyrosis | abnormal sensation of pain, burning and stinging of the tongue without apparent lesions or cause |
stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
caries | decay |
endodontitis | inflammation of the endodontium or the tooth pulp |
malocclusion | aka improper bite, abnormal contact of the teeth of the upper jaw and maxilla |
pyorrhea | inflammation of the gingiva and the periodontal ligament |
temporal mandibular joint, TMJ | pair of joints connecting the mandible to the skull |
leukoplakia | precancerous, slowly developing change in a mucous membrane, characterized by white patches |
mumps | acute viral infection characterized by swelling of the parotid glands |
esophageal achalasia | abnormal condition which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly |
esophageal atresia | usually congenital, an esophagus that ends in a blind pouch or narrows so much that it obstructs continuos passage of food to the stomach |
esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus, which are susceptible to hemorrhage |
gastoesophageal reflux disease GERD | dysfunction that involves a back flow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus |
hiatal hernia | protrusion of a portion of the stomach upward through a defect in the diaphragm, GERD is one of the major symptoms |
flatulence | excessive gas in the stomach or intestines |
gastrectasia | stretching of the stomach caused by overeating |
crohn disease | inflammatory bowel disease |
fistulas | abnormal passages between internal organs |
fissure | cleft or groove or a cracklike lesion of the skin |
Irritable bowel syndrome | aka spastic colon mucous colitis, is a common chronic non inflammatory intestinal disorder |
diverticulum | pouch like herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ |
diverticulosis | diverticula present in the colon without inflammation or symptoms |
strangled hernia | hernia which blood vessels are constricted by the neck of the hernial sac |
intussusception | telescopic folding back of the bowel into itself |
volvus | twisting of a bowel |
-penia | deficiency |
hepatorenal syndrome | kidney failure, associated with hepatic failure |
cirrhosis | chronic progressive liver disease, characterized by degeration of liver cells |
cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones or calculi in the gallbladder |
choledochitis | inflammation of the common bile duct |
achalasia | abnormal condition, characterized by the inability of the muscle to relax |
parenteral | not through the alimentary tract but through some other route |
total parenteral nutrition | administration of all nutrition through an indwelling catheter into the vena cava or other main vain |
lavage | irrigation or washing out of an organ |
anastomosis | connection between two vessels |
anastomose | to join structures |
esophagojejunostomy | surgical anastomosis of the esophagus to the jejunum |
gastroenterostomy | body of the stomach is joined with some part of the small intestine |
gastroduodenostomy | anastomosis of the gastric stump with duodenum |
anastomosis | surgical connection between two structures |
ileostomy | forming an ileal stoma onto the surface of the abdomen |
laparoenterostomy | formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the small intestine |
proctoplasty | surgical repair of the rectum and anus |
lithotriptor | name of the shock wave generator in biliary lithotripsy |
lithotripsy | nonsurgical management of gallstones |
endoscopic sphincterotomy | endoscopic removal of biliary stones |
laparoscopic cholecystectomy | removal of a gallbladder through four small incisions in the abdominal wall |
laparocholecystotomy | incision into the gallbladder through the abdominal wall |
choledochojejunostomy | surgical formation fo a new opening between the common bile duct and jejunum |
choledocholithotripsy | mechanical crushing of gallstones in the common bile duct |