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HLTH ch. 10
digestive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| peristalsis | movement of food particles through the digestive tract |
| absorption | third function, digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into blood or lymph capillaries |
| alimentation | process of providing nourishment or nutrition |
| DRI | dietary reference intake |
| amylo | starch |
| bili | bile or gall |
| chole | bile or gall |
| glyco | sugar |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| -orexia | appetite |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -stalsis | contraction |
| amylolysis | starch converted into sugar |
| lipoid | resembling fats |
| lipase | breaks down lipids |
| amylase | enzyme that breaks down starch |
| proteinase or protease | enzyme that breaks down protein |
| -oid | resembling |
| membrane that secretes mucus | mucous |
| mucosa | same as a mucous membrane |
| cholecysto | gallbladder |
| choledocho | common bile duct |
| hepato | liver |
| sialadeno | salivary glands |
| entero | small intestine or intestines in general |
| intestino | intestine in general |
| colo | large intestine |
| colono | large intestine |
| ano | anus |
| enteral | within, by way of, or pertaining to the small intestine |
| colic | pertaining to the large intestine |
| rectum | lower part of the large intestine |
| anus | outlet of the rectum |
| bucco | cheek |
| cheilo | lip |
| gingivo | gums |
| glosso | tounge |
| linguo | tounge |
| sialo | saliva, salivary glands |
| sialadeno | salivary gland |
| vago | vagus nerve |
| endodontium | aka dental pulp, soft tissue inside the tooth |
| periodontium | tissue investing and supporting the teeth |
| parotid gland | largest salivary glands near the ears |
| -id | means either having the shape of or a structure |
| submandibular glands are located | in the tissue of the mandible rather than beneath |
| duodenum | first part of the large intestine |
| mucosa that lines the stomach is arranged in temporary folds called | rugae |
| ruga | means ridge, wrinkle or fold |
| serosa | outer layer of the stomach |
| innermost membrane of the small intestine | mucosa, contains villi |
| villi | fingerlike projections, function to absorb nutrients |
| jejunum | joins the ileum |
| ileum | distal portion of the small intestine |
| ceco | cecum |
| procto | anum, rectum |
| sigmoido | sigmoid colon |
| cecum | forms the first portion of the large intestine and located distal to the ileum |
| vermiform appendix | wormlike structure, opens into the cecum |
| appendicular | pertaining to the appendage or vermiform appendix |
| sigmoid colon | last parto of the colon |
| defecation | elimination of feces |
| proctologist | specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum and anus |
| major function of the liver is | production of bile |
| glucagon | increases blood glucose levels |
| insulin | decreases blood glucose levels |
| cholangiography | radiology of the major bile ducts and is useful in demonstrating gallstones and tumors |
| hematochezia | presence of blood in the stool |
| occult blood | blood that cannot be seen but can be detected by a chemical test |
| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite |
| anorexia nervosa | sometimes life-threatening illness that is self induced starvation |
| emaciation | excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition |
| dyspepsia | faulty or painful digestion |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| eructation | belching; that results from drawing air up from the stomach and expelling it through the mouth |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood, indicates upper GI bleeding |
| aphagia | inability to swallow, result of an organic or psychological cause |
| stomatomycosis | fungal condition of the mouth |
| candida albicans | yeast type of fungus that is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity |
| glossopyrosis | abnormal sensation of pain, burning and stinging of the tongue without apparent lesions or cause |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| caries | decay |
| endodontitis | inflammation of the endodontium or the tooth pulp |
| malocclusion | aka improper bite, abnormal contact of the teeth of the upper jaw and maxilla |
| pyorrhea | inflammation of the gingiva and the periodontal ligament |
| temporal mandibular joint, TMJ | pair of joints connecting the mandible to the skull |
| leukoplakia | precancerous, slowly developing change in a mucous membrane, characterized by white patches |
| mumps | acute viral infection characterized by swelling of the parotid glands |
| esophageal achalasia | abnormal condition which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly |
| esophageal atresia | usually congenital, an esophagus that ends in a blind pouch or narrows so much that it obstructs continuos passage of food to the stomach |
| esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus, which are susceptible to hemorrhage |
| gastoesophageal reflux disease GERD | dysfunction that involves a back flow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of a portion of the stomach upward through a defect in the diaphragm, GERD is one of the major symptoms |
| flatulence | excessive gas in the stomach or intestines |
| gastrectasia | stretching of the stomach caused by overeating |
| crohn disease | inflammatory bowel disease |
| fistulas | abnormal passages between internal organs |
| fissure | cleft or groove or a cracklike lesion of the skin |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | aka spastic colon mucous colitis, is a common chronic non inflammatory intestinal disorder |
| diverticulum | pouch like herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ |
| diverticulosis | diverticula present in the colon without inflammation or symptoms |
| strangled hernia | hernia which blood vessels are constricted by the neck of the hernial sac |
| intussusception | telescopic folding back of the bowel into itself |
| volvus | twisting of a bowel |
| -penia | deficiency |
| hepatorenal syndrome | kidney failure, associated with hepatic failure |
| cirrhosis | chronic progressive liver disease, characterized by degeration of liver cells |
| cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones or calculi in the gallbladder |
| choledochitis | inflammation of the common bile duct |
| achalasia | abnormal condition, characterized by the inability of the muscle to relax |
| parenteral | not through the alimentary tract but through some other route |
| total parenteral nutrition | administration of all nutrition through an indwelling catheter into the vena cava or other main vain |
| lavage | irrigation or washing out of an organ |
| anastomosis | connection between two vessels |
| anastomose | to join structures |
| esophagojejunostomy | surgical anastomosis of the esophagus to the jejunum |
| gastroenterostomy | body of the stomach is joined with some part of the small intestine |
| gastroduodenostomy | anastomosis of the gastric stump with duodenum |
| anastomosis | surgical connection between two structures |
| ileostomy | forming an ileal stoma onto the surface of the abdomen |
| laparoenterostomy | formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the small intestine |
| proctoplasty | surgical repair of the rectum and anus |
| lithotriptor | name of the shock wave generator in biliary lithotripsy |
| lithotripsy | nonsurgical management of gallstones |
| endoscopic sphincterotomy | endoscopic removal of biliary stones |
| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | removal of a gallbladder through four small incisions in the abdominal wall |
| laparocholecystotomy | incision into the gallbladder through the abdominal wall |
| choledochojejunostomy | surgical formation fo a new opening between the common bile duct and jejunum |
| choledocholithotripsy | mechanical crushing of gallstones in the common bile duct |
Created by:
btuehara
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