Question | Answer |
apico | apex |
broncho | bronchi |
bronchio | bronchi |
bronchiolo | bronchioles |
lobo | lobe |
phreno | diaphragm or mind |
phono | voice |
spiro | to breathe |
-ation | process |
-capnia | carbon dioxide |
pnea | breathing |
ptysis | splitting |
nares | nostrils |
nasal septum | hollow interior of nose that is separated into right and left cavities |
auditory tube | aka eustachian tube, narrow channel connecting the middle ear and the nasopharynx |
glottis | vocal apparatus of the larynx |
epiglottis | lid-like structure composed of cartilage and covers the larynx when swallowing food |
vocal cords | aka vocal folds, pair of strong bands of elastic tissue with a mouth-like opening through which air passes, creating sound |
bronchi | lined with cilia that propel mucous up and away from the lower airway, branch to become bronchioles |
bronchioles | structures that lead to alveolar ducts |
alveoli | small pockets where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged between inspired air and capillary blood |
endotracheal | within the trachea |
mediastinum | middle portion of the thoracic cavity between the two lungs |
hilum | depression where blood vessels enter and leave the lung |
pleura | membrane that surrounds the lungs |
visceral pleura | covers lung surface, surrounds the lung |
parietal pleura | lines the WALLs of thoracic cavity |
pleural cavity | contains thin film of pleural fluid that acts as a lubricant as the lungs expand and contract during respiration |
diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, DIAPHRAGMA |
bronchogram | film obtained by bronchography |
spirometry | measurement of air take into and expelled from the lungs |
pulse oximeter | photoelectric device for determining the oxygen saturation of the blood in a pulsating capillary bed |
rhonchus | abnormal rumbling sound that clears on coughing |
wheeze | musical noise that sounds like a squeak |
crackles | discontinuous bubbling noises during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing |
friction rub | dry, grating sound. May be a sign of lung disease |
stridor | high pitched musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx, most often heard during inspiration |
phlegm | thick mucus secreted by the membranes of the respiratory passages |
sputum | is phlegm or other material that is coughed up from lungs |
thromboembolic | pertains to the obstruction of a blood vesse with material from a blood clot |
apnea | absence of spontaneous breathing |
cheyne-stokes respiration | alternating periods of apnea and deep rapid breathing, occurring more frequently during sleep |
asphyxia/asphyxiation | condition caused by insufficient oxygen intake |
hyperpnea | exaggerated deep, rapid or labored respiration, occurs normally during exercise |
hyperventilation | excessive aeration of the lungs, commonly reduces carbon dioxide levels |
ph below 7.0 | acidic |
ph above 7.0 | alkaline |
acidemia | arterial blood ph below 7.35 |
alkalemia | blood ph above 7.45 |
orthopnea | breathing is difficult except in an upright position |
tachypnea | breathing rate of 25 breaths per minute at rest |
influenza | highly contagious disease, characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms muscle aches and weakness |
pigeon chest | congenital structural defect characterized by prominent sternal protrusion |
funnel chest | indentation of the lower sternum |
barrel chest | large rounded thorax |
anthraco | coal |
atelo | imperfect or incomplete |
conio | dust |
meta | change; next, as in series |
-ptysis | spitting |
asthma | recurring episodes of paroxysmal wheezing and dyspnea, constriction of the bronchi, coughing and viscous bronchial secretions |
paroxysmal | sudden recurrence or intensity of symptoms |
pneumonia or pneumonitis | inflammation of the lungs from bacteria or fungus |
pleural effusion | collection of non purulent fluid in the pleural |
non purulent | not containing pus |
pyothorax or empyema | pleural effusion contains pus |
pulmonary fibrosis | fibrous condition of the connective tissue of the lungs, resulting from the formation of scar tissue |
hemothorax | accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity |
pneumothorax | air or gas in the pleural cavity, leads to collapse of the lung |
pleurisy | aka pleuritis |
pleuropneumonia | inflammation of both the pleura and lungs |
pleural adhesions | pleural membranes stick together or on to the wall of the chest and produce pain on movement or breathing |
pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung |
congestive heart failure | work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform; can result in a lung disorder pulmonary edema |
embolus | blockage or obstruction |
pneumoconiosis | any disease of the lung caused by chronic inhalation of dust |
mesothelium | layer of epithelial cells that cover the pleura and the peritoneum |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aka chronic obstructive lung disease. Progressive and irreversible respiratory problems in which dyspnea and chronic cough are prominent |
emphysema | overinflation and destructive changes in alveolar walls |
cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, involves lungs, pancreas and sweat glands. |
atelectasis | abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of all or part of a lung |
sinusitis | inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses |
rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose. Acute rhinitis aka coryza |
epistaxis | nose bleed |
dysphasia | impairment of speech, lack of coordination and an inability to arrange words in their proper order |
aphonia | inability to produce normal speech sounds, resulting from overuse of the vocal cords or anxiety |
dysphonia | hoarseness or abnormality in the speaking voice that may precede aphonia |
pharyngomycosis | a fungal infection of the pharynx |
rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal membranes |
diphtheria and pertussis | acute contagious respiratory diseases. Cased by pathogenic bactieria |
pertussis | whooping cough |
corona virus | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Characterized by fever body aches and mild respiratory symptoms |
expectorate | cough up and spit out |
bronchiolectasis | dilation of the bronchioles |
bronchiolitis | inflammation of the bronchioles |
bronchitis | inflammation fo the bronchi |
tracheostenosis | narrowing of the lumen of the trachea |
heimlich maneuver | method of dislodging food or other obstruction from windpipe |
tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening in the trachea |
stoma | general term for a mouth-like opening |
nasal cannulae | small tubes inserted into the nares |
tracheostomy tube | used for prolonged airway management |
endotracheal intubation | air way catheter inserted through the mouth or nose |
orotracheal intubation and nasotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea |
extracorporeal membrane oxygenator | device used in a hospital to provide respiratory support by circulating the blood through an artificial lung |
thoracoplasty | surgical procedure that involves removing ribs and allowing the chest wall to collapse a lung |
continuous positive airway pressure ventilation | nonsurgical method to prevent airway collapse |
pulmonologist | physician specializing in evaluating and treating lung disorders |
nebulizers | used to administer medications that are inhaled |
bronchodilators | medications used in asthma and other respiratory conditions that constrict the airways |
decongestants | cause vasoconstriction of the nasal membranes, eliminating or reducing welling or congestion |
antitussive | against coughing |