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HlTH ch. 9
respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| apico | apex |
| broncho | bronchi |
| bronchio | bronchi |
| bronchiolo | bronchioles |
| lobo | lobe |
| phreno | diaphragm or mind |
| phono | voice |
| spiro | to breathe |
| -ation | process |
| -capnia | carbon dioxide |
| pnea | breathing |
| ptysis | splitting |
| nares | nostrils |
| nasal septum | hollow interior of nose that is separated into right and left cavities |
| auditory tube | aka eustachian tube, narrow channel connecting the middle ear and the nasopharynx |
| glottis | vocal apparatus of the larynx |
| epiglottis | lid-like structure composed of cartilage and covers the larynx when swallowing food |
| vocal cords | aka vocal folds, pair of strong bands of elastic tissue with a mouth-like opening through which air passes, creating sound |
| bronchi | lined with cilia that propel mucous up and away from the lower airway, branch to become bronchioles |
| bronchioles | structures that lead to alveolar ducts |
| alveoli | small pockets where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged between inspired air and capillary blood |
| endotracheal | within the trachea |
| mediastinum | middle portion of the thoracic cavity between the two lungs |
| hilum | depression where blood vessels enter and leave the lung |
| pleura | membrane that surrounds the lungs |
| visceral pleura | covers lung surface, surrounds the lung |
| parietal pleura | lines the WALLs of thoracic cavity |
| pleural cavity | contains thin film of pleural fluid that acts as a lubricant as the lungs expand and contract during respiration |
| diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, DIAPHRAGMA |
| bronchogram | film obtained by bronchography |
| spirometry | measurement of air take into and expelled from the lungs |
| pulse oximeter | photoelectric device for determining the oxygen saturation of the blood in a pulsating capillary bed |
| rhonchus | abnormal rumbling sound that clears on coughing |
| wheeze | musical noise that sounds like a squeak |
| crackles | discontinuous bubbling noises during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing |
| friction rub | dry, grating sound. May be a sign of lung disease |
| stridor | high pitched musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx, most often heard during inspiration |
| phlegm | thick mucus secreted by the membranes of the respiratory passages |
| sputum | is phlegm or other material that is coughed up from lungs |
| thromboembolic | pertains to the obstruction of a blood vesse with material from a blood clot |
| apnea | absence of spontaneous breathing |
| cheyne-stokes respiration | alternating periods of apnea and deep rapid breathing, occurring more frequently during sleep |
| asphyxia/asphyxiation | condition caused by insufficient oxygen intake |
| hyperpnea | exaggerated deep, rapid or labored respiration, occurs normally during exercise |
| hyperventilation | excessive aeration of the lungs, commonly reduces carbon dioxide levels |
| ph below 7.0 | acidic |
| ph above 7.0 | alkaline |
| acidemia | arterial blood ph below 7.35 |
| alkalemia | blood ph above 7.45 |
| orthopnea | breathing is difficult except in an upright position |
| tachypnea | breathing rate of 25 breaths per minute at rest |
| influenza | highly contagious disease, characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms muscle aches and weakness |
| pigeon chest | congenital structural defect characterized by prominent sternal protrusion |
| funnel chest | indentation of the lower sternum |
| barrel chest | large rounded thorax |
| anthraco | coal |
| atelo | imperfect or incomplete |
| conio | dust |
| meta | change; next, as in series |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| asthma | recurring episodes of paroxysmal wheezing and dyspnea, constriction of the bronchi, coughing and viscous bronchial secretions |
| paroxysmal | sudden recurrence or intensity of symptoms |
| pneumonia or pneumonitis | inflammation of the lungs from bacteria or fungus |
| pleural effusion | collection of non purulent fluid in the pleural |
| non purulent | not containing pus |
| pyothorax or empyema | pleural effusion contains pus |
| pulmonary fibrosis | fibrous condition of the connective tissue of the lungs, resulting from the formation of scar tissue |
| hemothorax | accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity |
| pneumothorax | air or gas in the pleural cavity, leads to collapse of the lung |
| pleurisy | aka pleuritis |
| pleuropneumonia | inflammation of both the pleura and lungs |
| pleural adhesions | pleural membranes stick together or on to the wall of the chest and produce pain on movement or breathing |
| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung |
| congestive heart failure | work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform; can result in a lung disorder pulmonary edema |
| embolus | blockage or obstruction |
| pneumoconiosis | any disease of the lung caused by chronic inhalation of dust |
| mesothelium | layer of epithelial cells that cover the pleura and the peritoneum |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aka chronic obstructive lung disease. Progressive and irreversible respiratory problems in which dyspnea and chronic cough are prominent |
| emphysema | overinflation and destructive changes in alveolar walls |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, involves lungs, pancreas and sweat glands. |
| atelectasis | abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of all or part of a lung |
| sinusitis | inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose. Acute rhinitis aka coryza |
| epistaxis | nose bleed |
| dysphasia | impairment of speech, lack of coordination and an inability to arrange words in their proper order |
| aphonia | inability to produce normal speech sounds, resulting from overuse of the vocal cords or anxiety |
| dysphonia | hoarseness or abnormality in the speaking voice that may precede aphonia |
| pharyngomycosis | a fungal infection of the pharynx |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal membranes |
| diphtheria and pertussis | acute contagious respiratory diseases. Cased by pathogenic bactieria |
| pertussis | whooping cough |
| corona virus | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Characterized by fever body aches and mild respiratory symptoms |
| expectorate | cough up and spit out |
| bronchiolectasis | dilation of the bronchioles |
| bronchiolitis | inflammation of the bronchioles |
| bronchitis | inflammation fo the bronchi |
| tracheostenosis | narrowing of the lumen of the trachea |
| heimlich maneuver | method of dislodging food or other obstruction from windpipe |
| tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening in the trachea |
| stoma | general term for a mouth-like opening |
| nasal cannulae | small tubes inserted into the nares |
| tracheostomy tube | used for prolonged airway management |
| endotracheal intubation | air way catheter inserted through the mouth or nose |
| orotracheal intubation and nasotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenator | device used in a hospital to provide respiratory support by circulating the blood through an artificial lung |
| thoracoplasty | surgical procedure that involves removing ribs and allowing the chest wall to collapse a lung |
| continuous positive airway pressure ventilation | nonsurgical method to prevent airway collapse |
| pulmonologist | physician specializing in evaluating and treating lung disorders |
| nebulizers | used to administer medications that are inhaled |
| bronchodilators | medications used in asthma and other respiratory conditions that constrict the airways |
| decongestants | cause vasoconstriction of the nasal membranes, eliminating or reducing welling or congestion |
| antitussive | against coughing |
Created by:
btuehara
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