Term | Definition |
pepsin | digests almost all types of proteins |
hydrochloric acid | provides acidic environment for action of pepsin |
mucus | provides alkaline protective layer on inside of stomach wall |
absorption | passing of nutrients into blood stream |
alimentary canal | muscular tube from mouth to anus; digestive tract; gastrointestinal tract |
amino acid | chemical compound that results from digestion of complex proteins |
amylase | enzyme that is part of pancreatic juice and saliva and that begins the digstion of carbs |
anal canal | part of digestive tract extending from rectum to anus |
anus | place which feces exits body |
appendage | any body part inside or outside either subordinate to larger part of having no specific central function |
appendiz | wormlike appendage to cecum |
bile | yellowish brown to greenish fluid secreted by liver and tored in gallbladder; aids in fat digestion |
bilirubin | pigment contained in bile |
body | middle section of stomach |
bowel | intestine |
cecum | pouch at top of large intestine connected to bottom of ilem |
cheeks | walls of oral cavity |
chyme | semisolid mass of partially digested food and gastric juicces that passes from stomach to small intestine |
colon | major portion of large intestine |
defecation | release of feces from anus |
deglutition | swallowing |
digestion | conversion of food into nutrients for body and into waste products for release from body |
duodenum | top part of si where shyme mixes with bile, pancreatic, juice, and intestinal juice to continue digestive process |
elimination | conversion of waste material from liquid to semisolid and removal of that material via defecatoin |
emesis/reguritation/reflux | backward flow from normal direction |
emulsification | breaking down of fats |
enyme | protein that causes chemical changes in substances in digestive tract |
epiglottis | movable flap of tissue that vcovers trachea |
esophagus | part of alimentary canal from pharynx to stomach |
fatty acid | acid derived from fat during digestive process |
feces | semisolid waste that moves thru large intestine to anus where it is released |
frenulum | muscous membrane that attaches the tongue to floor of mouth |
fundus | upper portion of stomach |
gallbladder | organ on lower surface of liver; stores bile |
glucose | sugar found in fruits and plants and stored in various parts of body |
glycogen | starch that can be converted into glucose |
gums | fleshy sockets that hold teeth |
ileum | bottom part of si that connects to li |
hard palate | hard anterior portion of palate at roof of mouth |
jejunum | middle section of si |
lingual tonsils | two mounds of lymph tissue at back of tongue |
lips | two musclar folsd formerd around outside boundary of mouth |
lipase | enzyme contained in pancreatic juice |
liver | organ imporrtant in digestive and metabolic functions secretes bile |
mastication | chewing |
mesentery | membranous tissue that attaches small and large intestines to muscular wall at dorsal part of abdomen |
mouth | cavity in face which food and water is ingets |
palatine tonsils | mounds of lymphatic tissue on either side of pharynx |
papilla | tiny projection on superior surface of tongue (taste buds) |
pancrease | digestive organ that secrets digestive fluids; endocrine gland that regulates blood sugar |
pepsin | digestive enzyme in gastric juice |
peristalsis | coordinated rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that forces food thru digestive tract |
pharynx | tube thru which food passes to esophagus |
pylorus | narrowed bottom part of stomach |
rectum | bottom portion of li; connected to anal canal |
rugae | folds in stomach lining' irregular ridges of mucous membrane on hard palate |
salivary glands | glands in mouth that secrete fluisd that aid in breaking down food |
saliva | fluid secreted by salviary glands; contains amylase |
sigmoid colon | s shaped part of li connectin at bottom to rectum |
small intestine | 24 ft long tube that continues that process of digestion started in stomach; place where most absoprtion occurs |
large instestine | passageway in intestinal tract for waste received from si to be excreted thru anus; place where water reabsorption takes place |
soft palate | soft posterior part of palate in mouth |
stomach | large sac between esophagus and si place where food is broken down |
tongue | flshy part of mouth that moves food during mastication and speech |
throat | pharynx |
stool | feces |
uvula | cone shaped projection hanging down from soft palate |
villus | tiny fingerliek projection on lining of small intestine with capillaries thru which digested nutrients are absorbed into blood stream and lymphatic system |
ano | anus |
bilo bili | bile |
apendo appendico | appendix |
bucco | cheek |
ceco | cecum |
celio | abdomen |
chole cholo | bile |
cholangio | bile vessel |
cholecysto | gallbladder |
choledocho | common bile duct |
colo colono | colon |
duodeno | duodenum |
entero | intestines |
esophago | esophagus |
gastro | stomach |
glosso | tongue |
gluco | glucose |
glyco | sugar |
glycogeno | glycogen |
hepato | liver |
ileo | ileum |
jejuno | jejunum |
labio | lip |
linguo | tongue |
oro | mouth |
pancreato | pancreas |
peritoneo | peritoneum |
pharyngo | pharynx |
pyloro | pylorus |
procto | anus rectum |
recto | rectum |
sialo | saliva salivary gland |
sialadeno | salivary gland |
sigmoido | sigmoid colon |
steato | fats |
stomato | mouth |
alt at | alanine transaminase |
ast | aspartic acid trasaminase |
be | barium enema |
bm | bowel movement |
egd | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
ercp | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
gerd | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
gi | gastrointestinal |
ibd | inflammatory bowel disease |
ibs | irritable bowel syndrome |
ng | naso gastric |
npo | nothing by mouth |
sgot | serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase |
sgpt | serum glutamic pyruvic transminase |
tpn | total parenteral nutrition |
ugi (s) | upper gastrointestinal (series) |
cholangiography | xray of bile ducts |
cholecystography | xray of gallbladder |
colonocopy | exmination of colon using endoscope |
esophagoscopy | exmination of esophagus with esophagoscope |
gastroscopy | exmination of stomach using endscope |
peritoneoscoy | examination of ab cavity using peritoneoscope |
proctoscopy | exmination of rectum and anus using roctoscope |
sigmoidoscopy | exination of sigmoid colon using sigmoidoscope |
achalsia | inability of muscle particularly cardiac sphincter to relax |
acholrhydria | lack of hydrochloric aid in stomach |
anal fistula | small opeing in anal canal thru which waste matter can leak into ab cavity |
ankyloglossia | condition of tongue being partially or completely attached to bottom of outh |
anorexia nervosa | eating disorder with extreme weight loss |
aphagia | inability to swallow |
appendicitis | inflammation of appendix |
ascites | fluid buildup in ab or peritoneal cavities |
bulimia | eating disorder with bingeing and purging |
cheilitis | inflammation of lips |
cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder |
cholangitis | inflammation of bile duct |
cholelithiasis | gallstones in gall bladder |
cirrhosis | liver disease; caused by alcholism |
colic | gastrointestinal distress especially infants |
colitis | inflammation of colon |
constipation | difficult or infrequet defecation |
crohn's disease | type of irritable bowel disease with no ulcers |
diarrhea | loose watery stool |
diverticula | small puchers in intestinal wall |
diverticulitis | inflammation of diverticula |
diverticulosis | condition which diverticula trap food or bacteria |
duodenal ulcer | ulcer in duodenum |
dysentery | irritation of intestinal tract with loose stools |
dyspepsia | indigestion |
enteritis | inflammation of si |
dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
eructation | belching |
esophagitis | inflammation of esophagus |
fistula | abnormal opening in tissue |
flatulence | gas in stomach or intestines |
flatus | gas in lower intestinal tract that can be released thru anus |
gastritis | inflammation of stomach |
gallstones | calculi in gallbladder |
gastroenteritis | inflammation of stomach and small intestines |
glossitis | inflammation of tongue |
gastritis | inflammation of stomach |
halitosis | foul mouth odor |
hematemeiss | blood in vomit |
hematochezia | blood in stool |
hemorrhoisd | swollen twisted veins in anus |
hepatitis | inflammation or disease of liver |
hepatomegaly | enlarged liver |
hepatopathy | liver disease |
hiatal hernia | protrusion of stomach thru opening in diaphragm |
hyperbilirubinemia | excessive bilirubin in blood |
icterus | jaundice |
ileus | intestinal blockage |
ileitis | inflammation of ileum |
intussusception | prolapse or collapse of intestinal part into neighboring part. one section collapses into another like telescope |
jaundice | excessive bilirubin in blood causing yellowing of skin |
melena | old blood in stool |
nausea | sick feeling in stomach |
obesity | abnormal accumulation of fat in body |
pancreatitis | inflammation of pancreas |
parotitis protiditis | inflammation of parotid gland |
peptic ulcer | sore on mucous membrane of digestive system stomach ulver or gastric ulcer |
peritonitis | inflammation of peritoneum |
poluposis | condition with polups as in intestines |
proctitis | inflammation of rectum and anus |
sialoadenitits | inflammation of salivary glands |
steatorrhea | fat in blood |
ulcerative colitis | inflammation of colon with uclers |
volvulus | intestinal blockage caused by intestine twisting on itself |
abdominocentesis | incision into ab to remove fluid or relieve pressure |
anal fistulectomy | removal of anal fistula |
anastomosis | union of two hoollow structures |
appendectomy | removal of appendix |
billroth's 1 | excision of pylorus |
billroth's 2 | resection of pyloorus iwth stomach |
cheiloplasty | repair of lips |
cholecystectomy | removal of gall bladder |
choledocholithotomy | removal of stomes from common bile duct |
cholelithotomy | removal of gallstones |
cholelithotripsy | breaking up r crushing of stones in body |
colectomy | removal of colon |
colostomy | creation of opening from colon into ab wall |
diverticulectomy | removal of diverticula |
esophagoplasty | repair of esophagus |
gastrectomy | removal of part or all of stomach |
gastric resection or gastric bypass | removal of part of stomach and repair of remianing part |
glossectomy | removal of tongue |
glossorrhaphy | suture of tongue |
hemorrhoidectomy | removal of hemorrhoids |
hepatic lobectomy | removal of one or more lobes of the liver |
ileostomy | creation of opening into ileum |
liver biopsy | removal of small amount of liver tissue to examine for disease |
pancreatectomy | removal of pancreas |
paracentesis | incision into ab cavity to remove fluid or relieve pressure |
polupectomy | removal of polyps |
proctoplasty | repair of anus or rectum |
antiacid | neutralizes stomach acid |
antidiarrheal | contros loose watery stool |
antiemetic | prevents vomitin |
antispasmodic | controls intestinal tract spasms |
cathartic | induces vomiting also strong laxative for emptying bowels |
laxative | induces bowels to move in order to relieve constipation |