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Chapter 14
Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pepsin | digests almost all types of proteins |
| hydrochloric acid | provides acidic environment for action of pepsin |
| mucus | provides alkaline protective layer on inside of stomach wall |
| absorption | passing of nutrients into blood stream |
| alimentary canal | muscular tube from mouth to anus; digestive tract; gastrointestinal tract |
| amino acid | chemical compound that results from digestion of complex proteins |
| amylase | enzyme that is part of pancreatic juice and saliva and that begins the digstion of carbs |
| anal canal | part of digestive tract extending from rectum to anus |
| anus | place which feces exits body |
| appendage | any body part inside or outside either subordinate to larger part of having no specific central function |
| appendiz | wormlike appendage to cecum |
| bile | yellowish brown to greenish fluid secreted by liver and tored in gallbladder; aids in fat digestion |
| bilirubin | pigment contained in bile |
| body | middle section of stomach |
| bowel | intestine |
| cecum | pouch at top of large intestine connected to bottom of ilem |
| cheeks | walls of oral cavity |
| chyme | semisolid mass of partially digested food and gastric juicces that passes from stomach to small intestine |
| colon | major portion of large intestine |
| defecation | release of feces from anus |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| digestion | conversion of food into nutrients for body and into waste products for release from body |
| duodenum | top part of si where shyme mixes with bile, pancreatic, juice, and intestinal juice to continue digestive process |
| elimination | conversion of waste material from liquid to semisolid and removal of that material via defecatoin |
| emesis/reguritation/reflux | backward flow from normal direction |
| emulsification | breaking down of fats |
| enyme | protein that causes chemical changes in substances in digestive tract |
| epiglottis | movable flap of tissue that vcovers trachea |
| esophagus | part of alimentary canal from pharynx to stomach |
| fatty acid | acid derived from fat during digestive process |
| feces | semisolid waste that moves thru large intestine to anus where it is released |
| frenulum | muscous membrane that attaches the tongue to floor of mouth |
| fundus | upper portion of stomach |
| gallbladder | organ on lower surface of liver; stores bile |
| glucose | sugar found in fruits and plants and stored in various parts of body |
| glycogen | starch that can be converted into glucose |
| gums | fleshy sockets that hold teeth |
| ileum | bottom part of si that connects to li |
| hard palate | hard anterior portion of palate at roof of mouth |
| jejunum | middle section of si |
| lingual tonsils | two mounds of lymph tissue at back of tongue |
| lips | two musclar folsd formerd around outside boundary of mouth |
| lipase | enzyme contained in pancreatic juice |
| liver | organ imporrtant in digestive and metabolic functions secretes bile |
| mastication | chewing |
| mesentery | membranous tissue that attaches small and large intestines to muscular wall at dorsal part of abdomen |
| mouth | cavity in face which food and water is ingets |
| palatine tonsils | mounds of lymphatic tissue on either side of pharynx |
| papilla | tiny projection on superior surface of tongue (taste buds) |
| pancrease | digestive organ that secrets digestive fluids; endocrine gland that regulates blood sugar |
| pepsin | digestive enzyme in gastric juice |
| peristalsis | coordinated rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that forces food thru digestive tract |
| pharynx | tube thru which food passes to esophagus |
| pylorus | narrowed bottom part of stomach |
| rectum | bottom portion of li; connected to anal canal |
| rugae | folds in stomach lining' irregular ridges of mucous membrane on hard palate |
| salivary glands | glands in mouth that secrete fluisd that aid in breaking down food |
| saliva | fluid secreted by salviary glands; contains amylase |
| sigmoid colon | s shaped part of li connectin at bottom to rectum |
| small intestine | 24 ft long tube that continues that process of digestion started in stomach; place where most absoprtion occurs |
| large instestine | passageway in intestinal tract for waste received from si to be excreted thru anus; place where water reabsorption takes place |
| soft palate | soft posterior part of palate in mouth |
| stomach | large sac between esophagus and si place where food is broken down |
| tongue | flshy part of mouth that moves food during mastication and speech |
| throat | pharynx |
| stool | feces |
| uvula | cone shaped projection hanging down from soft palate |
| villus | tiny fingerliek projection on lining of small intestine with capillaries thru which digested nutrients are absorbed into blood stream and lymphatic system |
| ano | anus |
| bilo bili | bile |
| apendo appendico | appendix |
| bucco | cheek |
| ceco | cecum |
| celio | abdomen |
| chole cholo | bile |
| cholangio | bile vessel |
| cholecysto | gallbladder |
| choledocho | common bile duct |
| colo colono | colon |
| duodeno | duodenum |
| entero | intestines |
| esophago | esophagus |
| gastro | stomach |
| glosso | tongue |
| gluco | glucose |
| glyco | sugar |
| glycogeno | glycogen |
| hepato | liver |
| ileo | ileum |
| jejuno | jejunum |
| labio | lip |
| linguo | tongue |
| oro | mouth |
| pancreato | pancreas |
| peritoneo | peritoneum |
| pharyngo | pharynx |
| pyloro | pylorus |
| procto | anus rectum |
| recto | rectum |
| sialo | saliva salivary gland |
| sialadeno | salivary gland |
| sigmoido | sigmoid colon |
| steato | fats |
| stomato | mouth |
| alt at | alanine transaminase |
| ast | aspartic acid trasaminase |
| be | barium enema |
| bm | bowel movement |
| egd | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ercp | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| gerd | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| gi | gastrointestinal |
| ibd | inflammatory bowel disease |
| ibs | irritable bowel syndrome |
| ng | naso gastric |
| npo | nothing by mouth |
| sgot | serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase |
| sgpt | serum glutamic pyruvic transminase |
| tpn | total parenteral nutrition |
| ugi (s) | upper gastrointestinal (series) |
| cholangiography | xray of bile ducts |
| cholecystography | xray of gallbladder |
| colonocopy | exmination of colon using endoscope |
| esophagoscopy | exmination of esophagus with esophagoscope |
| gastroscopy | exmination of stomach using endscope |
| peritoneoscoy | examination of ab cavity using peritoneoscope |
| proctoscopy | exmination of rectum and anus using roctoscope |
| sigmoidoscopy | exination of sigmoid colon using sigmoidoscope |
| achalsia | inability of muscle particularly cardiac sphincter to relax |
| acholrhydria | lack of hydrochloric aid in stomach |
| anal fistula | small opeing in anal canal thru which waste matter can leak into ab cavity |
| ankyloglossia | condition of tongue being partially or completely attached to bottom of outh |
| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder with extreme weight loss |
| aphagia | inability to swallow |
| appendicitis | inflammation of appendix |
| ascites | fluid buildup in ab or peritoneal cavities |
| bulimia | eating disorder with bingeing and purging |
| cheilitis | inflammation of lips |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder |
| cholangitis | inflammation of bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones in gall bladder |
| cirrhosis | liver disease; caused by alcholism |
| colic | gastrointestinal distress especially infants |
| colitis | inflammation of colon |
| constipation | difficult or infrequet defecation |
| crohn's disease | type of irritable bowel disease with no ulcers |
| diarrhea | loose watery stool |
| diverticula | small puchers in intestinal wall |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of diverticula |
| diverticulosis | condition which diverticula trap food or bacteria |
| duodenal ulcer | ulcer in duodenum |
| dysentery | irritation of intestinal tract with loose stools |
| dyspepsia | indigestion |
| enteritis | inflammation of si |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| eructation | belching |
| esophagitis | inflammation of esophagus |
| fistula | abnormal opening in tissue |
| flatulence | gas in stomach or intestines |
| flatus | gas in lower intestinal tract that can be released thru anus |
| gastritis | inflammation of stomach |
| gallstones | calculi in gallbladder |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of stomach and small intestines |
| glossitis | inflammation of tongue |
| gastritis | inflammation of stomach |
| halitosis | foul mouth odor |
| hematemeiss | blood in vomit |
| hematochezia | blood in stool |
| hemorrhoisd | swollen twisted veins in anus |
| hepatitis | inflammation or disease of liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlarged liver |
| hepatopathy | liver disease |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of stomach thru opening in diaphragm |
| hyperbilirubinemia | excessive bilirubin in blood |
| icterus | jaundice |
| ileus | intestinal blockage |
| ileitis | inflammation of ileum |
| intussusception | prolapse or collapse of intestinal part into neighboring part. one section collapses into another like telescope |
| jaundice | excessive bilirubin in blood causing yellowing of skin |
| melena | old blood in stool |
| nausea | sick feeling in stomach |
| obesity | abnormal accumulation of fat in body |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of pancreas |
| parotitis protiditis | inflammation of parotid gland |
| peptic ulcer | sore on mucous membrane of digestive system stomach ulver or gastric ulcer |
| peritonitis | inflammation of peritoneum |
| poluposis | condition with polups as in intestines |
| proctitis | inflammation of rectum and anus |
| sialoadenitits | inflammation of salivary glands |
| steatorrhea | fat in blood |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of colon with uclers |
| volvulus | intestinal blockage caused by intestine twisting on itself |
| abdominocentesis | incision into ab to remove fluid or relieve pressure |
| anal fistulectomy | removal of anal fistula |
| anastomosis | union of two hoollow structures |
| appendectomy | removal of appendix |
| billroth's 1 | excision of pylorus |
| billroth's 2 | resection of pyloorus iwth stomach |
| cheiloplasty | repair of lips |
| cholecystectomy | removal of gall bladder |
| choledocholithotomy | removal of stomes from common bile duct |
| cholelithotomy | removal of gallstones |
| cholelithotripsy | breaking up r crushing of stones in body |
| colectomy | removal of colon |
| colostomy | creation of opening from colon into ab wall |
| diverticulectomy | removal of diverticula |
| esophagoplasty | repair of esophagus |
| gastrectomy | removal of part or all of stomach |
| gastric resection or gastric bypass | removal of part of stomach and repair of remianing part |
| glossectomy | removal of tongue |
| glossorrhaphy | suture of tongue |
| hemorrhoidectomy | removal of hemorrhoids |
| hepatic lobectomy | removal of one or more lobes of the liver |
| ileostomy | creation of opening into ileum |
| liver biopsy | removal of small amount of liver tissue to examine for disease |
| pancreatectomy | removal of pancreas |
| paracentesis | incision into ab cavity to remove fluid or relieve pressure |
| polupectomy | removal of polyps |
| proctoplasty | repair of anus or rectum |
| antiacid | neutralizes stomach acid |
| antidiarrheal | contros loose watery stool |
| antiemetic | prevents vomitin |
| antispasmodic | controls intestinal tract spasms |
| cathartic | induces vomiting also strong laxative for emptying bowels |
| laxative | induces bowels to move in order to relieve constipation |
Created by:
cs3516
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